状语从句幻灯片

(状语从句)一,什么是状语从句状语从句在复合句中作状语,来说明一件事情发生的时间,地点,原因,条件,结果等.二,状语从句的分类时间，地点，条件，原因，让步，目的，方式，结果，比较一时间状语从句１when/wheneverWhenIcameintotheroom,hewaswritingaletter.当我进屋时，他正在写信。Weshallgotherewheneverwearefree.我们什么时间有空，我们就去那里。when指的是“某一具体的时间”。whenever指的是“在任何一个不具体的时间”。2when/while/asWhen既可指某一时间点,也可指一段时间;while指“在某一段时间里”，“在…期间”，引导的动作必须是持续性的;as强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。,翻译成”一边……一边……”•Whenhereturned,hiswifewascooking.•Whilehewasreading,hiswifewascooking.•Ashewasreading,hewaslisteningtotheradio.用when,while,as填空•1.___Iwaswalkingdownthestreet,Inoticedapolicecarinfrontofthestore.•2._____Johnarrived,Iwascookinglunch.•3.____hegrewolder,helostinterestineverythingexceptgardening.3“一……就……”•AssoonasIarriveinShanghai,I’llwritetoyou.1.upon(on)+V-ing/n.at+n.Thecryingboysmiledatthesightofhismother.onarriving(leaving,returning…)2.immediately+句子3.the+时间名词(minute/moment……)+句子hardly…whennosooner…than我刚一到家，就下雨了。Ihadhardlygothomewhenitbegantorain.=HardlyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.=NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.4beforeItwillbe+一段时间+before从句(does)要过……才能做Itwillnotbe+一段时间+before从句要不了……就能做Itwas+一段时间+before从句(did)过了……做了……Itwasnot+一段时间+before从句(did)没过……做了……Examples•1.Itwillbethreedaysbeforeyoucanopenthecoverofthejar.•2.Itwillnotbetenyearsbeforewemeetagain.•3.Itwastenyearsbeforewedidtheexperiment.•4.Itwasnotlongbeforewereturnedback.其它用法•1.Sheisafraidtospeakbeforealarge•audience.•2.Itwillbetenyearsbeforewemeet•again.•3.Itwasn’tlongbeforehereturnedfrom•abroad.•4.Someonecalledmeupinthemiddleofthe•night,buthehungupbeforeIcouldanswerthe•phone.5sinceItis/hasbeen+一段时间＋since从句(did)Itis10yearssinceIsmoked.(=Igaveupsmoking/droppedsmoking)自从我不抽烟已有10年了.延续性动词:反过来翻译短暂性动词:直译6till/until(在句首、与not无间隔连用及在强调句中只用until)Wewaitedtill(until)hecameback.我们一直等到他回来。Shedidn’tstopworkinguntileleveno’clock.她到11点钟才停止工作。如主句动词是延续性动作，常用肯定式，表示“直到…为止”;如主句动词是瞬间动词，常用否定式，表示“直到…才”notuntil句型•与强调句型结合Ididn’tgotosleepuntilhecameback.•与倒装句式结合ItwasnotuntilhecamebackthatIwenttosleep.NotuntilhecamebackdidIgotosleep.翻译•1.EachtimeIwasintrouble,Hecould•cometohelpmeout.•2.ItisthreeyearssinceIsmokeda•cigar.•3.ItwillbehalfayearbeforeIcameback•4.wehadsailedfourdaysandfournights•beforewesawland.•5.BeforeIcouldgetinaword,hehad•measuredme.用everytime,eachtime,nexttime,thefirsttime,anytime,allthetime填空•1.Fewpeoplewillpayfullattentiontotheirhealth___theygetcertainincurabledisease.•2.letmetakedownwhatyouhavesaid___Iforget.•3.Itmaytaketenyearsormore___thescientistscanfindacureforAIDS.翻译练习•1.我住在那里时，星期天常到海滨去。•2.别人在工作时，别高声谈话。•3.他匆忙回家去，一边走一边回头望。•4.我一听到那个声音，我就知道父亲来了。•5.那男孩子一见到他妈就放声大哭。•6.我一到家，天就下起雨来。翻译练习•7.我在那一直等到他爸爸回来。•8.知道你告诉我，我才知道这件事。•9.他还没吃饭就去上学了。•10.这个工程师还没到火车站前，火车就开走了。•11.过不了多长时间我们就会再见面。•12.我不吸烟有三年了。三原因状语从句because/sincebecause表示直接的原因,具有很强的因果关系,专门回答对“why”的提问;since=nowthat,表示很明显的原因,翻译成“既然”，通常放句首;Eg:Itwasbecausehismotherwasbadlyillthathewasunhappy.Sinceeveryoneknowsit,Iwillnotsayanything.for不是从属连词，而是并列连词。它不是用来说明原因，而是用来表示一种附带或补充解释、说明，不放在句首。Thedaybreaks,forthebirdsaresinging.四条件状语从句1,连接词：if,unless(if…not),so/aslongas,2,注意点：分清真实条件句和非真实条件句，非真实条件句中要用虚拟语气IfIwereyou,Iwouldaskthepoliceforhelp.条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来时在条件状语从句和结果状语从句中,表示与事实相反的条件和结果。1)与现在事实相反：•If从句…,主句+V原2)与过去事实相反：•If从句hadVed,主句+haveVed3)与将来事实相反：•If从句…,主句+V原wereV-edshould(wouldcould,might)should(wouldcould,might)didshouldweretoshould(wouldcould,might)1、表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果eg.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgoatonce.我是你的话，我会马上走。eg.Ifmybrotherwerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.要是我哥在这儿，一切都没问题了。2.表示与过去事实相反的假设或结果eg.Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwould/could/mighthavemetthefamoussinger.如果你早来几分钟的话，你就会（可能会）见到那个著名歌唱家。eg.IfIhadhadthemoneylastweek,Ishould/would/could/mighthaveboughtacar.如果我上星期有了这笔钱，我就会（可能）买1辆车。3、表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果eg.Ifitweresunnytomorrow,Iwouldcometoseeyou.明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。Ifitshouldrain,thecropswouldbesaved.假如天下雨，庄稼就一定（有可能）得救。Ifitweretosnowthisevening,theywouldnotgoout.如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。翻译练习•1.除非你努力学习，否则你考试会不及格。•2.你只要不灰心，就会成功•3.假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还能求助于谁？•4.万一发生火灾，我们首先做什么啊？•5.我感觉好像发烧了。五目的状语从句sothat/inorderthat引导目的状语从句,常用情态动词may(might)/can(could)/should等连用.Iraisedmyvoicesothateveryonecouldhearme.六结果状语从句•sothat/so…that/such…thatIraisedmyvoice,sothateveryoneheardme.Hewassoexcitedthathecouldn’tsayaword.Shetoldussuchaninterestingstorythatweallforgotthetime.so…that的so后面跟形容词或副词;such在主句中修饰名词DrawacatasItaughtyou.按照我教你的画一只猫。Doasyouaretold.按照人家告诉你做的去做。七方式状语从句as，按照或正如Theytreattheblackboyasif(though)hewereananimal.他们对待这黑孩子仿佛他是一头牲口。asif/asthough好象,似乎八让步状语从句•though/although不能与but连用,但可与yet或still连用Although(Though)hewasoversixty,(yet)hebegantolearnFrench.•evenif/eventhough“即使,纵使”有退一步设想的意味，多用于书面语中。I’llgoevenif(though)itrainstomorrow.即使明天下雨，我也要去。nomatter+疑问词/wh－ever•as倒装句Childasheis,heknowsalot.尽管他是一个孩子，但他懂得很多。Coldasitis,(=Thoughitiscold,)thechildrenplayoutdoors.尽管天气冷，但孩子们仍在户外玩。Doitnomatterwhatotherssay.Nomatterhowbusyhewas,hestudiedEnglisheveryday.as引出的状语从句多用于书面语，它比用though引导的从句，语气强，更有表现力，从句常放在句首，语序部分倒装。九比较状语从句•as…as•notso…as•thesameas•such…as•than•Hisbookisthesameasmine.•他的书和我的一样。•HenryisnotsuchagoodworkerasPeter.•享利这个工人不如彼得那样好。倍数表达法•他们的房子是我们的两倍.Theirroomistwicebiggerthanours.Theirroomistwiceasbigasours.Theirroomistwi