高考英语总复习定语从句

定语从句Whatare“AttributiveClauses”?定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。担任定语功能的句子称为“定语从句”。定语从句用来修饰名词、代词或整个主句。定语从句是由先行词、关系代词或关系副词构成的。被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。关系词通常有三个作用：关系词：a.引导定语从句b.指代先行词c.在定语从句中充当句子成分1.指人时，引导限制性定语从句，who,that都可以使用。但先行词是anyone,he,those时，一般用who.e.g.a.Themanwho/thatisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.b.Anyonewhowishestogotothemuseummustbeatthegateby7:50a.m.2.who和whom都可以作从句的宾语,但从句中的介词提前时,则不能用who.e.g.Yourparentsarethepersonstowhomyoucanturnforhelpwhenyoumeetwithdifficulties.3.先行词是物时,在限制性定语从句中,that和which一般可以互换使用,但有时不可换用。(1)下列场合一般只用that:a.先行词是all,much,anything,something,nothing,everything,little,none等不定代词时。e.g.Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.b.先行词被形容词最高级、序数词以及last,any,only,few,much,no,some,very等词修饰时。e.g.ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.c.先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物时。e.g.Yesterdaywetalkedabouttheformerclassmatesandthingsthatweremembered.d.主语是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。e.g.Whoisthepersonthatyouwanttosee?(2)下列场合不能使用that:a.在非限制性定语从句中(指人时使用who或whom,指物时使用which)。e.g.Theboybroughtinastranger,whowasbadlyhurt.HefailedintheEnglishexam,whichmadehisfatherveryangry.指代上文全句b.在“介词+关系代词”结构中，(指人时用whom，指物时用which)。e.g.Thisistheteacherfromwhomwe’velearnedalot.4.whose引导定语从句，既可指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。e.g.a.Thisisthescientistwhosenameisknownallovertheworld.b.Mybrotherlivesinaroomwhosewindowisverylarge.1.Alecaskedthepoliceman_____heworkedtocontacthimwhenevertherewasanaccident.A.withwhomB.whoC.withhimD.whom2.Wecametoaplace______theyhadneverpaidavisitbefore.A.towhereB.towhichC.thatD.which3.Heoftenhelpsthestudents______hethinksarenotquickattheirstudies.A.whomB.whoC.whenD.because4.Governmentreports,examinations,compositions,legaldocumentsandmostlettersarethemainsituations_____formallanguageisused.A.inwhichB.onwhichC.inthatD.atwhat5.Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%________aresoldabroad.A.ofwhichB.whichofC.ofthemD.ofthat6.Hersisterhasbecomealawyer,_______shewantedtobe.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which5.当先行词指时间、地点、原因(thereason)时，如果关系词在从句中作状语，用when,where,why;如果关系词在从句中作主语、宾语，用which或that.e.g.Doyouknowthereasonwhyhewaslateforschool?作从句的状语Doyouknowthereasonthatheexplainedtohisteacher?作从句的宾语6.当先行词是theway,并且关系词在从句中作方式状语时，既可以用that也可以用inwhich，它们又都可以省略。e.g.Pleasetellmetheway(that/inwhich)yousolvedtheproblem.1.Theplace______thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe_____thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.A.which;whereB.atwhich;whichC.atwhich;whereD.which;inwhich2.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome_____Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where3.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthatschool.Itisnolongerwhatitwas20yearsago,_____itwassopoorlyequipped.A.whenB.whichC.whatD.that4.Haveyouaskedherforthereason_____mayexplainherabsence?A.whyB.whatC.forthatD.that7.关系代词as引导的定语从句关系代词as既可以单独引导定语从句，又可与主语中的thesame或such相呼应，从句中的谓语动词可省略。e.g.a.Wejumpedforjoyatthenews,aswasnatural.b.Wedothesameworkasthey(do).c.Ihopetogetsuchadictionaryasheisusing.注意：当先行词thesame修饰时，引导定语从句的关系代词既可以用as也可以用that,但意思是有区别的。e.g.HeboughtthesamediamondasIlosttwoyearsbefore.(是差不多一样的一颗，而非同一颗钻石。)e.g.HeboughtthesamediamondthatIlosttwoyearsbefore.(是同一颗钻石。)as或which都可以引导非限制性定语从句，which所引导的指的是前面整个句子，which本身无意义；而as则有意义，而且还可以位于句首。1.Itrainedhardyesterday,_____preventedusfromgoingtothepark.A.thatB.whichC.asD.it2.______ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorschoolisincreasing.A.WhichB.AsC.ThatD.What3.Chongqingisnotthesamecity_____wehaveseeninothercountries.A.thatB.whichC.不填D.as4.CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,_____personallyIdoubtverymuch.A.itB.thatC.whenD.which8.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：Whatisa‘restrictiveattributiveclause’?有些定语从句对先行词具有限制作用，使该词的含义更具体、更明确，这种定语从句称为限制性定语从句。这类从句不能省掉，否则句子的意义就不完整。e.g.Ihavethreebrothers.MybrotherwholivesinCanadaisadoctor.e.g.Ihaveonlyonebrother.Mybrother,wholivesinCanada,isadoctor.Whatisa‘non-restrictiveattributiveclause’?定语从句有时跟先行词的关系并不十分密切,只是作一些附加说明,不起限制作用,这种定语从句称为非限制性定语从句。这类从句往往用逗号与主语分开。1.ThisisMrSmith,_____Ithinkhassomethingtotellyou.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.whose2.Iwalkedinourgarden,_______TomandJimweretyingabigsignontooneofthetrees.A.whichB.whenC.whereD.that3.Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,____hewentontoCambridge.A.fromwhichB.afterthatC.afterwhichD.fromthis4.Theresidents,____hadbeendamagedbytheflood,weregivenhelpbytheRedCross.A.alltheirhomesB.allwhosehomesC.allofwhosehomesD.alloftheirhomes