高考英语阅读解题技巧强化

高考英语阅读解题技巧强化：推理与复述衡东县第一中学罗咏凌高三下期经过一系列的强化训练后，学生对于英语各题型的解题能力大有提高，不少学生的英语成绩也取得了突破性的进展。但是越接近高考，特别是在最后一个月里，有的学生就越感到迷茫，心情也越来越焦躁。因为他们感觉到阅读训练花的时间最多，而且有关阅读的各项专题我们都已复习到位，但是这一段时间所取得的进步相对于以前却慢多了。有的同学甚至形成一种错误的观点觉得阅读训练的越多，得分反而越少。特别是五月份衡阳市联考的英语阅读试题中第二篇第63题，大部分同学包括一些英语成绩平时非常优秀的同学选错答案，这种现象不禁引起了我的深思。就其原因，尽管我们已经做过有关阅读细节理解，推理判断等专题训练，却忽略了阅读理解选项中复述句与推理句的区别及相关训练，使得学生此方面能力仍然比较薄弱，能够取得的进步当然也就受到了限制。（衡阳市2009年五月联考题阅读理解第二篇）63.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferred?(正确答案为A)但是绝大部分同学选D.（Aqualifiedpilothastopasscomprehensiveexaminationsonpoliticalandmilitarytheory）.即使在已经给出正确答案后，他们还是觉得无法理解。其实这个句子是对原文Theyhadalsopassedcomprehensiveexaminationsonpoliticalandmilitarytheory,flightskills,managementandmentalhealth的复述，而非推断。因此加强此题型的分析与训练是非常必要的。我制作了两个多媒体课件作为对学生的一个专题训练，并取得了很好的效果。在课件中我采取了以下几个步骤：一．从概念上着手辨析复述与推理的区别。复述（Restatement）是用另一种表达方式来表达句子，但它所表达的观点与原文是一致的。而推断（inference）是根据原文所给的信息得出的一个推断或结论。二．强调推理判断题的设问方式。1.Whatisimpliedinthesentence(s)...?2.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat3.Thepassageimplies/suggeststhat4.Itcanbeinferred/seen/concludedfromthepassagethat5.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthispassage?6.Whichofthefollowingcanbeconcludedfromthispassage?7.Whichofthefollowingconclusionscouldbestbedrawnfromthepassage?8.Basedonthepassage,wecanassumethat9.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethattheauthoris10.InWhichofthefollowingpublicationswouldthispassagemostlikelybeprinted?11.Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewouldmostprobablydiscuss12.Whatwouldtheparagraphprecedingthispassageprobablydiscuss?三.具体分析所给选项的类型和特点。含有推理判断要求的题目一般以下面四种形式选项的句子出现：1.复述句或纯粹是重复原文2.是根据原文得出的推理或判断。3.有些选项表面上看起来非常像是对原文的推断，但根据原文信息它其实是错误的推断。4.有些句子看起来是对的，或根据常识是正确句子，但它实际上与原文无关，不能由原文推断出它的正误。三.通过典型例子分析与训练加强学生的辨别能力。题目类型均为：Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthispassage?训练1.Heavysmokersanddrinkersrunafifteentimesgreaterriskofdevelopingcancerofthemouthandthroatthannon-smokersandnon-drinkers.A.Cancerofthemouthandthroatismorelikelytooccurinheavysmokersanddrinkersthaninnon-smokersandnon-drinkers.B.Peoplewhoneversmokeordrinkwillnotgetmouthorthroatcancer.C.Heavydrinkerswhorunhaveagreaterriskofdevelopingcancerthannon-drinkers.D.Peoplewouldprobablybehealthieriftheydidnotdrinkorsmoke.正确答案D(80%左右的同学误选A)。Explanation：“A”isthelikeliestanswerthatthestudentswillchoose.arestatementoftheoriginalsentence.Ifheavysmokersanddrinkersrunagreaterriskofdevelopingcancerthanthosewhodonotsmokeordrink,thencancerismorelikelytooccurinheavysmokersanddrinkers.“B”isnottruethatpeoplewhoneversmokeordrinkwillnevergetmouthorthroatcancer.Weonlyknowthattheyarelesslikelytogetthiskindofcancer.“C”isnottrue.Theword“run”intheoriginalsentenceispartofthephrase“torunariskof”,whichmeans“tobeindanger”.Thesentencedoesnottellusanythingaboutheavydrinkerswhoenjoythesportofrunning.“D”isaninferencewhichcanbedrawnfromtheinformationgiven.Ifpeoplewhosmokeanddrinkheavilyrunahighriskofdevelopingcancer,thenwecaninferthatpeopleprobablywouldbehealthieriftheydon‘tsmokeordrinktoomuch.训练2.Nineoutoftendoctorsrespondingtoasurveysaidtheyrecommendourproducttotheirpatientsiftheyrecommendanything.A.Nineoutoftendoctorsrecommendtheproduct.B.Iftheyrecommendanything,nineoutoftendoctorsrespondingtoasurveyrecommendtheproduct.C.Mostdoctorsrecommendtheproduct.D.Wedon’tknowhowmanydoctorsrecommendtheproduct.正确答案D(70%左右的同学误选C)Explanation：Nineoutoftendoctorswhorespondtoasurveydoesn’tmeanthenumberofallthedoctorsinallthehospitals.Maybeallofthesetendoctorsarethesamehospital.So“A”andOption“C”can’tbebasedontheoriginalsentences.OptionBisonlyarestatement.训练3.Oftenpeoplewhoholdhigherpositioninagivengroupoverestimatetheirperformance,whilepeopleinthelowestlevelsofthegroupunderestimatetheirs.Whilethismaynotalwaysbetrue,itdoesindicatethatoftentheactualpositioninthegrouphasmuchtodowiththefeelingofpersonalconfidenceapersonmayhave.Thus,memberswhoholdthehigherpositionsinagrouporfeelthattheyhaveanimportantparttoplayinthegroupwillprobablyhavemoreconfidenceintheirownperformance.A.Ifpeoplehaveconfidenceintheirownperformance,theywillachievehighpositioninagroup.B.Ifweletpeopleknowtheyareanimportantpartofagroup,theywillprobablybecomemoreself-confident.C.Peoplewhoholdlowpositioninagroupoftenoverestimatetheirperformance.D.Peopleinpositionsofpowerinagroupmayfeeltheydobetterworkthantheyreallydo.E.Peoplewithhigherpositionsinagroupdobetterworkthanothergroupmembers.正确答案B。（50%同学误选D,30%t同学误选A）Explanation:“b”isaninferencethatcanbedrawnfromthelastsentenceintheparagraph.Weknowthatifpeoplefeeltheyhaveanimportantparttoplayinagroup,theywillprobablyhavemoreself-confidence.Wecaninferthatweletpeopleknow(andthereforemakethemfeel)thattheyhaveanimportantparttoplay,theywillprobablybecomemoreself-confident.“d”isarestatementofthefirstsentence.(Oftenpeoplewhoholdhigherpositioninagivengroupoverestimatetheirperformance,)Peoplewhoholdhigherpositionstendtooverestimatetheirperformance:theymayfeeltheydobetterworkthantheyreallydo.训练4.Thinkbacktoyourcollegedays,thegoodolddayswhenlifewaseasy.Stayupallnightpartyingorevenstudying?Noproblem.Eatpizzaeverynightandplowthroughentirebagsofpotatochipsnonstop.Hey,nosweat.Youwerealean(苗条的),mean,andalsoyoungmachine.But...t