英国文学-名词解释-【英语专业英国文学复习资料之一】

11.epic史诗alongnarrativepoem,grandinstyle,aboutheroesandheroicdeeds,embodyingheroicidealsofanationorraceinthemaking.BeowulfistheEnglishnationalepicthatwaspassedfrommouthtomouthandwrittendownbymanyunknownhands.2.caesura停顿abreakorpauseinalineofpoetry,dictatedbythenaturalrhythmofthelanguageandsometimesenforcedbypunctuation.InOldEnglishverse,suchasBeowulf,thecaesurawasusedrathermonotonouslytoindicatethehalfline.3.alliteration头韵therepetitionofthesamesoundorsoundsatthebeginningoftwoormorewordsthatareclosetoeachother.ItisafeatureofBeowulfandotherOldEnglishpoems.4.alliterativeverse头韵诗poetrywritteninalliteration.NearlyallOldEnglishverse,includingBeowulf,isheavilyalliterative,andthepatternisfairlystandard–witheithertwoorthreestressedsyllablesineachlinealliterating.5.kenning隐喻语ametaphorusuallycomposedoftwowordsandusedfordescriptionandassociation.Beowulfisfullofkennings,suchas“helmetbearer”for“warrior”and“swanroad”for“sea”.6.protagonist主角theprincipalcharacterofadramaorfiction.HamletistheprotagonistofWilliamShakespeare’sdramaHamlet.7.antagonist反角Indramaorfictiontheantagonistopposestheheroorprotagonist.InHamletClaudiusisantagonisttoHamlet.8.romance传奇atypeofliteraturethatwaspopularintheMiddleAges,usuallycontainingadventuresandreflectingthespiritofchivalry.SirGawainandtheGreenKnightwasagreatverseromance,butitsauthorremainsunknown.9.bobandwheel诗节末尾的短行与叠唱arhymingsectionoffivelinesthatconcludesastanzainSirGawainandtheGreenKnight.The“bob”isaveryshortline,sometimesofonlytwosyllables,followedbythe“wheel”,longerlineswiththreestressesandinternalthyme.10.poet’scorner诗人角apartofWestminsterAbbey,London,whichcontainsthetombsormonumentsofsomefamousEnglishpoets,suchasGeoffreyChaucerandJohnMilton.11.heroiccouplet英雄双韵体twosuccessivelinesofrhymedpoetryiniambicpentameter.GeoffreyChaucer’smasterpieceTheCanterburyTalewaswritteninheroiccouplet.12.balladmeter民谣体traditionallyafour-linestanzacontainingalternatingfour-stressandthree-stresslines,usuallywitharefrainandtherhymeschemeofabcb.RobertBurns’“ARed,2RedRose”isagreatloveballad.13.refrain叠句，副歌aphrase,lineorlinesrepeatedatintervalsduringapoemandespeciallyattheendofastanza.ItisveryoftenfoundinEnglishballads,suchasRobertBurns’“ARed,RedRose”.14.EnglishRenaissance英国文艺复兴theliteraryfloweringofEnglandinthelate16thcenturyandearly17thcentury,withhumanismasitskeynote.WilliamShakespeare’sHamletisconsideredthesummitofthisrenaissance.15.Elizabethanliterature伊丽莎白时代的文学literaturewrittenintheElizabethanAge(1558-1603).WilliamShakespeare’sRomeoandJulietwasamasterpieceofthisperiod.16.sonnet十四行诗afixedformconsistingoffourteenlinesof5-footiambicverse.ItfirstflourishedinItalyinthe14thcentury.WilliamShakespearewasagreatEnglishsonnetwriterfamousforhis154sonnets.17.iambicpentameter五步抑扬格thebasiclineinEnglishverse,withfivefeetinaline,usuallyanunaccentedsyllablefollowedbyanaccentedsyllable.ItwasprobablyintroducedbyGeoffreyChaucerandcertainlyestablishedbyhiminTheCanterburyTales.18.meter格律thepatternofstressedandunstressedsyllablesinverse.InEnglishversealinemayhaveafixednumberofsyllablesandyethaveavaryingnumberofstresses;thecommonestmeterisiambic.WilliamShakespeare’ssonnetsarewritteniniambic.19.foot音步agroupofsyllablesformingametricalunit.Wemeasurefeetintermsofsyllablevariation:longandshortsyllables,stressedandunstressed.ThecommonestfootinEnglishverseisiamb;thecommonestlineisfive-footline,calledpentameter.WilliamShakespeare’s“Sonnet18”containsfourteeniambicpentameterlines.20.rhymescheme押韵格式thepatternofend-thymesinastanzaorpoem,generallydescribedbyusinglettersofthealphabettodenotetherecurrenceofrhyminglines.Forexample,heroiccoupletsare“aabbcc”andsoon.21.quatrain四行诗节astanzaoffourlines,rhymedorunrhymed.ItisthecommonestofallstanzaicformsinEnglishpoetry.RobertBurns’“ARed,RedRose”hasfourquatrains.22.image意象aconcreterepresentationofanobjectorsensoryexperience.Typically,sucharepresentationhelpsevokethefeelingsassociatedwiththeobjectorexperienceitself.Manyimagesareconveyedbyfigurativelanguage.Animagemaybevisual,olfactory,tactile,auditory,gustatory,abstractandkinaesthetic.TheroseinRobertBurns’poem“ARed,RedRose”isabeautifulimage.23.poeticlicense诗的破格3thelibertyallowedtothepoettowrestthelanguageaccordingtohisneedsintheuseoffigurativespeech,archaism,rhyme,strangesyntax,etc.Anexampleisthelastsentenceof“ARed,RedRose”byRobertBurns–“Tho’itweretenthousandmile!”24.versedrama诗剧dramawrittenintheformofverse.ItwasmostwidelyusedintheElizabethanAge.WilliamShakespeare’sdramasareallversedramas,Hamletbeingthemostfamous.25.blankverse无韵诗，素体诗unrhymediambicpentameter,themostwidelyusedofEnglishverseformsandusuallyusedinEnglishdramaticandepicpoetry.WilliamShakespeare’splayHamletiswritteninblankverse.26.GlobeTheatre环球剧场Oneofthemostfamousofalltheatres,itwasbuiltin1599,withthreestories.Theroofwasthatched,withthecentreopentothesky.ManyofWilliamShakespeare’splayswereperformedinit.Itwasdestroyedbyfirein1613,rebuiltthenextyearandfinallydemolishedin1644.Againitwasrebuiltin1997.27.essay散文acomposition,usuallyinprose,whichmaybeofonlyafewhundredwordsorofbooklengthandwhichdiscu