高中英语语法五大基本句型

第1页共38页五大基本句型1.主（n./pron./todosth/doingsth/主语从句）——谓（vi.如：come,go,arrive,stay,work,fall,rise,die,happen,fail,appear,lie,sit,stand,last)(1).Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.(2).Yourbrotherhasgonehome.(3).WeworkhardatEnglish.2.主-------谓（vt.如：visit,spend,forget,raise,have,seat,astonish,satisfy,embarass)-----宾（n./pron./todosth/doingsth/宾语从句）(1).Istudychemistryandhestudiesphysics.(2).Ihaveneverseensuchaninterestingfilm.(3).Hedoesn'tknowwhattoread.3.主-------谓（vt.)------间接宾语（sb)-------直接宾语(sth.)(1).Givesbsth=Givesthtosb:send,pass,hand,show(2).Buysbsth=Buysthforsb:make,get,cook,call,find(3).Asksbsth=Asksthofsb(1).Willyoulendmeyourbike?(2).PeterboughtMaryanewdress.(3).Pleasegethimsomehotwater.(4).Willyoutellussthaboutyourschoollife?(5).Thislittleboyisalwaysaskingtheteacherallsortsofquestions.(6).Passmethepaper,please.JohnisteachingMaryhowtorideabicycle.4.主-----谓(vt.)-------宾-------补(n./adj/adv/介词短语/todosth----如：ask,tell,order,want,wish,encourage,allow,forbid/Dosth----如：“四看”、“二听”、“一感觉”；have,let与make/Doingsth/Donebysb.)(1).Isawherenterthelab.(2).NathanHalefelthisheartbeatingfast.(3).Weelectedhimourschoolheadmaster.(4).Thestudentsoftenkeeptheirclassroomcleanandtidy.I'llhavethebikerepaired.Iheardhimsinginghappilyinthenextroom.Thatmanmadetheboyobeyhim.Hepaintedthedoorred.Shefoundherbikestolen.letmehavealook.WecallherXiaoli.Weaskedthemtostayforlunch.Iwishyoutogowithme.Don'tkeepyourmotherwaiting.suddenlyshesawawalletlyingontheground.Whenhewokeup,hefoundhimselftieddown.第2页共38页5.主-----系(be/look,smell,taste,sound,feel/prove,remain,stay,keep/turn,get,become,make)----表。Thenewswasexciting.Hewasexcitedatthenews.Theteachers'officeiscleanandtidy.ShebecameaLeaguememberin1978.TheSummerPalacelooksespeciallybeauitifulintheearlymorning.Themusicsoundssweet.Youranswerdoesn'tsoundright.Thedishsmellsgood/delicious.Theliquidtastesbitter.MyjobistoteachEnglish./teachingEnglish.Thisstoryisveryinteresting.I'minterestedinthestory.Hebecameawriterin1960.比较：Heturnedwriterin1960.Hewillmakeagoodathlete.（成为）希望你能熟记上述经典例句，真正掌握这五大基本句型呀。第3页共38页名词性从句（一）、什么叫名词性从句？名词性从句在复句中的位置如何？1.主语从句-----谓语------宾语.(1).Whetheritistrueremainsaquestion.(2).Whetherhewillgoornothasnotbeendecided.(3).Itisn'tquiteclearwhyshedidit.(4).Itisnotknownwhereshehasgone.(5)Whatiscalledatomicenergyisactuallynuclearenergy.2.主语------谓语(vt.)------宾语从句.(1).IwonderwhetherornotMikeisathomenow.(2).Idon'tcarewhetherornothiscarbreaksdown.(3).Hisparentsthinkitapitythattheirsondidn'tpasstheexam.(4)Afterwhatseemedanendlesswait,itwasatlasthisturntostepintotheconsultingroom.(5)HewasborninwhatisnowknownasShanghai.注意;it作形式宾语的特殊句型：(1).oweittosb.that------“把----归功于----”(2).Leaveittosb.that----“把---留给某人去做”(3).Takeitforgrantedthat---“想当然”(4).keepitinmindthat----记住(5).Ilike/enjoy/hateitthat--------(6).seetoitthat----=makesurethat----务必、确保(7).dependonitthat------(1).Ienjoy____whenyouhelp_____isintrouble.A.it,thosewhoB.that,whoC.this,anyoneD.it,whoever(2).IoweittoyouthatI'mstillalive.(3)Ileaveittoyoutojudge.（我让你做判断）(4).Youmaydependonitthattheywillhelpyou.（你可以放心他们会帮你的)(5).Wouldyouseetoitthatthevillagershavecleandrinkingwater?(你负责保证）(6)Itakeitthatyouwon'tbecomingtoSophie'sparty.(我想你不回去参加）第4页共38页(7).I'mcountingonitthatyouwillcome.(我正指望着你回来)3.主语-----系-------表语从句.(1).Chinaisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.(2).That'swhyweloveourmotherlandsomuch.(3).Itlooksasifit'sgoingtorain.(4).Thereasonwhyhewasabsentyesterdywasthathewasill.4.某些名词（如：thenews/idea/fact/hope/belief/promise/suggestion/possibilityproblem/conclusion/opinion/remark评论、意见，saying格言、谚语，evidnce)---引导词（如：that,whether,how,when,where,why)----同位语从句（注意：which不能引导同位语从句)(1).Herecomesthenewsthatsomeforeignfriendswillcometoourschool.(2).Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.(3).Wordcamethattheirheadmasterwouldsoonvisitourschool.(4).Ihavenoideawhenshewillcomeback.(二）、名词性从句的引导词：(1).连接词：that,whether/if,asif--------在从句中不充当任何成分。(2).连接代词：who,what,which,whose-------在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语。(3).连接副词：when,where.why,how,howmany/much/soon/often/long-----在从句中充当状语。注意：(1).if不能引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句以及介词的宾语从句。(2).与ornot或不定式连用，要用whether.(3).what本身有一定的意义，且在从句中充当一定的成分，而that本身无任何意义，且在从句中不充当任何成分。(1).Itisunknownwhether/ifsheisill.(如果用形式主语，if和whether都可以）(2).Idon'tcareifhedoesn'tshowup.他来不来我都不在乎（若宾语从句为否定结构，则多用if,而不用whether)(3)Afteryearsofhardwork,hewasmadewhatshewas.(主语补足语----经过多年的辛劳，她被弄成这样）注意：inthat(由于、因为），exceptthat(除了----），butthat(如果没有、要不是-----），besidesthat(除了----)(1)IknownothingabouthiscareerexceptthatheisagraduateofTsinghuaUniversity.第5页共38页(2)Hewouldhavehelpedusbutthathewasshortofmoneyatthattime.(3)ButthatIsawit,Icouldn'thavebelievedit.(三).弄清一类连词：“无论（不管）--------”Nomatterwho-----==Whoever-------Nomatterwhat-----==Whatever------Nomatterwhich------==Whichever-------Nomatterwhen-------==Whenever---------Nomatterwhere-----==wherever----------Nomatterhow+adj/adv------==However+adj/adv-------左边：只能引导让步状语从句。而右边：既可以引导让步状语从句，又可以引导名词性从句。(1).I'llgivethebookto_______wantsit.(A).anyone(B).thosewho(C).whoever(D).whomever(2).Nomatterwho=Whoeverwantstoreadthebook,youmaylendittohim.(3).Howeverlate=Nomatterhowlateh