高中英语语法省略句

省略句为了使话说得简明扼要，英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。这种省去句子某些成分而保持句子意思不变的现象，称为省略（ellipsis）种类例句说明主语的省略Beautifulday(=Itisabeautifulday),isn’tit?Pitywelivesofarfromthesea.(Itisapitywelivesofarfromthesea.)有时也可省略整个句子的主语和谓语，只保留次要成分。Shewaspoorbut(shewas)honest.--Didyouknowanythingabouttheaccident?--Notuntilyoutoldme.(=Ididn’tknowanythingaboutituntilyoutoldme.)谓语的省略--whatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?--Losinghernewbicycle(madeMarysoupset).状语从句的省略Seenfromtheplane(whenitisseenfromtheplane),thehouselooksliketinytoys.If(itis)possible,I’llgotherewithyou.注意状语从句中的主语同主句主语的一致性。不定式的省略Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhimnotto.(nottoridehisbicycleinthestreet.)--Alice,whydidn’tyoucomeyesterday?--Iwasgoingto(comeyesterday),butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.若不定式后面是完成时，省略时应保留have；不定式后含有动词be的结构时，也要保留be动词。--Didyoutellhimthenews?--Ioughttohave(toldhimthenews),butIdidn’tknowhowtospeak.--Areyouanengineer?--No,butIwanttobe.Ⅰ、状语从句中的省略用法一、如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句的谓语含有be动词的某种形式（am/is/are/was/were），可同时省略从句的主语和be动词的某种形式。1、when，while引导的时间状语从句e.g.Dobecarefulwhen(youare)crossingthestreet.When/While(Iwas)onmywaytowork,Imether.2、if，unless，once引导的条件状语从句e.g.If(itis)properlytreated,wastewilldonoharmtotheenvironment.I’llnotgotothepartyunless(Iam)invited.Once(youare)caughtstealinginasupermarket,youwillbepunished.3、though，although，whether，nomatterwhether/what/how/who等引导的让步状语从句e.g.Hewashappy,though/although(hewas)poor.Whether(sheis)sickorwell,sheisalwayscheerful.Nomatterhow/Howeverhardthetask(is),wemustfulfillitintime.（注：从句的主语和主句的主语不一致时，只省略从句中的be动词形式）4、asif，asthough引导的方式状语从句e.g.Herubbedhiseyesandyawnedasif/though(hewas)wakingupafteralongsleep.Hestoodupasif/though(hewanted)toleave.（asif/though+todo表示一个将来的动作）二、than，as引导的比较状语从句中的省略用法：当不同的主语进行比较时，一般省略从句中的谓语；当从句中的主语与谓语（be动词除外）和主句中的主语与谓语相同时，通常省略从句中的主语和谓语，只保留比较部分。e.g.Heistallerthanhisbrother(is).Ihaveasmuchasconfidenceinyouas(Ihaveconfidence)inhim.三、以if从句为代表的状语从句中的特殊省略用法：通常省略了itis，thatis，thereis/are。e.g.If(itis)possible/necessary,thisoldtemplewillberebuilt.If(thatis)so,Iwillcallyoubackat5:00pm.Thereareonlyafewbooksinourschoollibrary,if(thereare)any.Ⅱ、定语从句中的省略用法关系词的省略关系代词that，which，whom等在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后时，可以省略；inwhich或that在先行词way后作方式状语从句时可省略。e.g.Theman(that/who/whom)youvisitedlastnightismygrandpa.Idon’tliketheway(inwhich/that)youtreatthegirl.Ⅲ、虚拟语气中if及should的省略1、当条件状语从句中有were，had，should等时省略if，把它们提至句首，形成倒装句。e.g.IfIwereateacher,Iwouldbestrictwithmystudents.=WereIateacher,Iwouldbestrictwithmystudents.2、Suggest，insist，order，require等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后接的从句中，谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。e.g.Thedoctorsuggestedthathe(should)trytoloseweight.Ⅳ、不定式符号to的省略1、感官动词see，hear，feel，watch等和使役动词have，make，let等后接不定式作宾语时，不定式省略to。(一感feel,二听hear,listento,三让have,let,make,四看see,lookat,observe,watch)2、donothingbut，can’thelpbut等结构常接省略to的不定式。E.g.Wedidn’tdoanythingbutstayathomewatchingTVyesterday.Hearingthenews,shecouldn’thelpbutcry.3、在特定语境中为了避免重复，当不定式再次出现时，在want，wish，hope，try，plan，like，love，hate后往往只保留to，而省略后面的动词。但不定式后有be，have时，也保留be和have。E.g.Myparentsencouragedmetogotocollege,butIdidn’twantto.Ⅴ、So和not的替代性省略用于避免重复前面所说过的内容，替代词so/not替代肯定或否定的名词性从句。可与believe，do，expect，fear，guess，hope，say，speak，suppose，think，I’mafraid等连用e.g.–Doyousupposeheisgoingtoattendthemeeting?–Isupposenot.Ⅵ、日常交际中的省略在情景会话中，答语常常省略不会引起歧义的主语、谓语或宾语部分，而只保留对方希望了解的内容。在复合句或并列句中，也有省略主、谓、宾的情况。e.g.–Howmanycopiesdoyouwant?--(Iwant)Threecopies,please.--HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall?--No,(Ihave)never(beentotheGreatWall).随讲随练1、—Lucy，couldyoupleasesparemeafewminutes?—____，butIhopeafewminuteswon'tturnintoafewhours.A.Itdoesn'tmatterB.That'skindofyouC.I'mafraidnotD.Iguessso2、—Hey，taxi!—_____—Iwanttogotothedentist's.A.Goodmorning,sir.B.Nicetoseeyou,sir.C.Whereto,sir?D.Whatareyougoingtodo,sir?3、Thedoctorexpresseshisstrongdesirethatthepatient_____immediately.A.beoperatedonB.operatedonC.wasoperatedonD.wouldbeoperatedon4、Whenhecameback,hefoundthebaghehad____overtheseatwasgone.A.lefttohangB.lefthangingC.lefthungD.toleavehanging5、LiuXiangspokeslowlytotheSpecialOlympiccompetitorssoastohavethem____.A.understandhimB.tobeunderstoodC.beunderstoodD.tounderstandhim6、—ArethereanyEnglishstorybooksforusstudentsinthelibrary?—Thereareonlyafew,____.A.ifanyB.ifhaveC.ifsomeD.ifhas8、—DoesBettyknowwhereherviolinis?—Shesawsomebodywalkingoffwithone,butshedoesn'tknow____.A.whoseB.itC.whomD.which9、—Aren'tyouthemanager?—No,andI____.A.don'twantB.don'twanttoC.don'twanttobeD.don't10、—Howareyougettingonwithyourwork?—Oh,I'msorry.Thingsaren'tgoingsowellas____.A.plansB.planningC.plannedD.toplan11、—What'sthematterwithyou?—Ididn'tpassthetest,butIstill____.A.hopesoB.hopetoC.hopeitD.hopethat12、Thedoctordidwhathecould___theboy,butinvain.A.saveB.tosaveC.savingD.saved13、—Youlookhappytoday,Mary.—IlikemynewdressandMother___,too.A.likesB.doesC.isD.do14、—Whathappenedtotheboy?Hewasmakingsomuchnoise.—Hewantedtoplayfootball,buthismotherwarnedhim____.A.notB.toC.nottoD./15、____foryourbrother,IwouldnothavegonetoseeMr.Wang.A.IfitisnotB.WereitnotC.HaditnotbeenD.Iftheywerenot省略句练习1.Whenfirst________tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.(NMET2004全国卷I