英语语法术语及翻译

英语语法术语及翻译morphology词法notional实词formword虚词word-building构词法root词根prefix前缀suffix后缀synonym同义词antonym反义词conversion转化法derivation派生法affixation词缀法composition合成法compound复合词partsofspeech词类noun名词pronoun代词numeral数词adjective形容词verb动词adverb副词article冠词preposition介词conjunction连词interjection感叹词particle引导词classificationofnouns名词的分类commonnoun普通名词propernoun专有名词collectivenoun集合名词materialnoun物质名词abstractnoun抽象名词countablenoun可数名词personalpronoun人称代词possessivepronoun物主代词reflexivepronoun反身代词demonstrativepronoun指示代词interrogativepronoun疑问代词relativepronoun关系代词indefinitepronoun不定代词reciprocalpronoun相互代词case格nominativecase主格objectivecase宾格possessivecase所有格singularform单数形式pluralform复数形式cardinalnumeral基数词ordinalnumeral序数词fractionnumeral分数数词degreesofcomparison比较级positivedegree原级comparativedegree比较级superlativedegree最高级notionalverb实义动词modalverb情态动词linkverb连系动词auxiliaryverb助动词transitiveverb及物动词intransitiveverb不及物动词regularverb规则动词irregularverb不规则动词finiteverb限定动词non-finiteverb非限定动词person人称number数gender性tense时态voice语态mood语气principalformsofverbs动词的主要形式presentform现在形式pastform过去形式participle分词presentparticiple现在分词pastparticiple过去分词infinitive不定式gerund动名词verbalnoun动名词simplepresenttense一般现在时simplepasttense一般过去时simplefuturetense一般将来时presentcontinuoustense现在进行时pastcontinuoustense过去进行时futurecontinuoustense将来进行时pastperfecttense过去完成时futureperfecttense将来完成时presentperfectcontinuoustense现在完成进行时futureperfectcontinuoustense将来完成进行时sequenceoftenses时态的呼应passivevoice被动语态activevoice主动语态indicativemood陈述语气imperativemood祈使语气subjunctivemood虚拟语气adverboftime时间副词adverbofplace地点副词adverbofmanner方式副词adverbofdegree程度副词adverboffrequency频度副词conjunctiveadverb连接副词definitearticle定冠词indefinitearticle不定冠词coordinatingconjunction并列连词subordinatingconjunction从属连词syntax句法declarativesentence陈述句imperativesentence祈使句exclamatorysentence感叹句interrogativesentence疑问句generalquestion一般疑问句specialquestion特殊疑问句alternativequestion选择疑问句disjunctivequestion反意疑问句simplesentence简单句compoundsentence并列句complexsentence复合句compoundcomplexsentence并列复合句ellipticalsentence省略句elementsofthesentence句子成分subject主语predicate谓语predicative表语attribute定语adverbial状语modifier状语appositive同位语independentelement独立成分limitingattribute限定性定语descriptiveattribute描绘性定语simplepredicate简单谓语compoundpredicate复合谓语directobject直接宾语indirectobject间接宾语complexobject复合宾语cognateobject同源宾语directaddress呼语parenthesis插入语appendedelement附加成分insertedelement插入成分directspeech直接引语indirectspeech间接引语absoluteconstruction独立结构phrase短语participialphrase分词短语prepositionalphrase介词短语infinitivephrase不定式短语verbphrase动词短语clause从句mainclause主句subordinateclause从句subjectclause主语从句objectclause宾语从句predicativeclause表语从句attributiveclause定语从句appositiveclause同位语从句adverbialclause状语从句restrictiveattributiveclause限制性定语从句non-restrictiveattributiveclause非限制性定语从句naturalword-order自然语序invertedword-order倒装语序inversion倒装ellipsis省略transformationofsentence句型的转换analysisofsentence句子分析punctuationmarks标点符号period句号fullstop句号questionmark问号exclamationmark感叹号comma逗号semicolon分号colon冒号dash破折号hyphen连字号quotationmarks引号parenthesis括号apostrophe撇号（所有号，重音号，省字号）