高二英语现在分词做状语

1语法一：现在分词做状语现在分词（动词的ing形式）做状语时，通常都表示主语正在进行的另一动作，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，且必须与句子的主语是逻辑上的主谓关系；动词的ing形式表示的动作是次要动作。现在分词可以做时间，条件，结果，让步，方式等状语。相当于相应的状语从句。作时间，原因或条件时，通常位于主句前面，作方式，伴随或结果状语时，通常位于主句后面。如果分词所表示的动作和谓语的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生，用现在分词的一般式。如果分词动作明显在谓语动词之前发生，用现在分词的完成式。（havingdone）,在作时间状语的分词前，可加连词while,when，介词after,before,on等。一.做伴随状语：分词等于and连接两个动词或分句。1：Thedogcamein.Itfolloweditsmaster.=Thedogcamein,followingitsmaster.2：Thechildrenranoutoftheroom,laughingandtalkingmerrily.3：Theystoodthereforanhour,watchingthegame.二.原因状语相当于as,since,because等引起的原因状语从句，常位于句首,句中或句末。1.Hewasabraveman.HedecidedtoreturntoFrance.=Beingabraveman,hedecidedtoreturntoFrance.2：Seeingnobodyathome,shedecidedtoleavethemanote.3：Notknowingheraddress,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher.4：Beingsopoorinthosedays,wecouldn’taffordtosendtheboytohospital.5．Havingworkedamongthepeasantsformanyyears,heknewthemverywell.6.Nothavingreceivedananswer,hedecidedtowriteanotherletter.三.时间状语，相当于when,while,as等引导的时间状语从句，常位于句首或句末。1：FirsthereturnedtoFrance.Thenhewasputintoprison.=AfterhereturnedtoFrance,hewasputintoprison.=HavingreturnedtoFrance,hewasputintoprison.2：Havingarrivedatthefactory,theyimmediatelysettowork.Becarefulwhencrossingthestreet.3：Don’tmentionthiswhiletalkingtohim.4：OnarrivinginLondon,hemanagedtogetintouchwithher.=AssoonashearrivedinLondon.5:Havingreadtheletter,shegotveryexcited.四.条件状语，相当于一个if等引导的条件状语从句，常位于句首。1：Workinghard,youwillsucceed.2.IfIknowanythingaboutit,Iwilltellyouall.=Knowinganythingaboutit,Iwilltellyouall.3.-Icouldgoandgetsomeonetobringthecar.-No,thanks.I’llbebetterifwalking五：结果状语现在分词表示必然结果，前可加thus,不定式表意外的结果，前可加only。1：Herhusbanddiedin1942,leavingherwithfivechildren.2：Thebuswasheldupbysnowstorm,thuscausingthedelay.3：Hewascaughtintherain,thusmakinghimselfcatchcold.六：让步状语：相当于although,though,evenif,eventhough引起的让步状语从句,常位于句首。1.Althoughhehadboughtalotofbooksfortheexam,hefailedinitbecauseofthelearningmethod.=Buyingalotofbooksfortheexam,hefailedinitbecauseofthelearningmethod.2.Thoughtheyknewallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.=knowingallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.七.方式状语分词等于介词with引起的方式状语或and并列的两个谓语动词.1.Walkingslowly,Iapproached（靠近）thelittle=Bywalkingslowly,Iapproachedthelittlewindow.2window.2.Hestoodleaningagainst（靠在..上）thewall.=Hestoodandleanedagainstthewall.八：现在分词的完成式指分词所表示的动作发生在主句中谓语动词之前，若分词所表示的动作与主语之间是主谓关系，则用havingdone,若是动宾（被动）关系，则用havingbeendone.1；Havingworkedinthecountryforthreeyears,heknewhowtogrowvegetables.2:Havingbeentranslatedintoseverallanguages,thebookbecamefamousallovertheworld.3:Havingfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.4:HavinglivedinNewYorkforyears,Iknoweachpartofitverywell.九：现在分词独立成分的特殊使用：generallyspeaking:一般来讲，franklyspeaking:坦白地说。exactlyspeaking,严密地讲，正确地说。judgingfrom/by…,从….可以判断出来。considering….考虑到…1:Generallyspeaking,girlsaremoreinterestedinliteraturethanboys.2:Judgingfromheraccent,shemustcomefromArabiancountries.十：现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。现在分词与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。(1）现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。1.Hewentoutshuttingthedoorbehindhim.他出去后将门随手关上。2.Notknowingwhattodo,hewenttohisparentsforhelp.由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。(2）过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系.1.Facedwithdifficulties,wemusttrytoovercomethem.在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。2.Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.语法二：动词不定式和动名词做宾语的区别。一：．通常只能接不定式作宾语的动词：agree(同意)；offer(提出)；intend，plan(打算，计划)；demand，ask(要求)；promise(答应)；help(帮忙)；prepare(准备)；decide(决定)；refuse(拒绝)；choose(选择,决定)；wish，hope，want，expect(希望，想要)；fail（不能；忘记）；pretend(假装)；manage(设法)；determine（决心）afford（买得起，但付得起），arrange(安排，准备)，aim(以..为目标，目的)，beg(恳求，祈求)，claim(声称)，happen(碰巧，恰巧发生了某事)，seem,hesitate(犹豫不决)。同意提出做计划，要求答应来帮忙。准备决定遭拒绝，敢于选择有希望。不能做到莫假装，设法做成决心假。恳求安排买得起。恰巧似乎声称目的不犹豫。1:Heagreedtoapologizetome.2.Sheofferedtohelpme.3.WeintendtogetintouchwithyouthroughEmail.4.Hedemandstobeprized.5.ShepretendednottoseemewhenIcamein.6.Shedemandstolivealone.7.Hepromisedtokeepintouchwithme.8.Mysisterhelpedmetofinish/finishmyhomework.9.Hepreparedhimselftoacceptfailure.10.Hedecidetotidymyhouse.11.Thehostessrefusedtoinviteher.12.Hefailedtopasstheexaminationthroughcarelessness.313.Hechosenottogohomeuntillater.14.Sheexpectstofailtheexam.15.Thecatmanagestopatsomethinginvisible.16.Theyclaimtohavediscoveredacureforthedisease.17.Wehappenedtobeintheneighbourhood.18.Hehesitatedtotakesuchabigrisk.19.Heseems(tobe)quitehappy.二;通常只能接动名词做宾语的动词：admit,consider,suggest/advise，承认考虑建议avoid,delay/putoff,practise避免推迟练习allow/permit,finish,appreciate允许完成感激forbid,mind,imagine禁止介意想象escape,quit/giveup,enjoy逃避放弃喜欢deny,risk,miss否认冒险错过can’thelp,lookforwardto,禁不住盼望反对stickto,leadto,，can’tstand,beaccustomedto/get/beusedto,payattentionto坚持导致忍受习惯1.Iappreciatehavingbeengiventheopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago.Sheadmittedhavingdonewrong.2.IconsiderreadingthisseriesofbookswrittenbyLuxun.3.Theteachersuggestednotviolatingclassmates’personalmatters.4.Headvisescominguptohere..5.Healwaysavoidstalkingtome.6.Hedelays/putoffgivealargeamountofmonertome.7.Wearepracticingwritingletters.8.Wepermit/allowyouwritinghere.9.Ihavefinishedreadingthisbook.10.Thedoctorforbidshimsmokinganddrinking.11.Wouldyoumindmyopening