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当前位置:首页 > 中学教育 > 高中教育 > 高三名词性从句全解析
授课主题名词性从句讲解以及高考考点教学内容课前回顾先看以下题目:选择1.______thebabycouldspeakmadehisparentsveryhappy.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhyD.If2.Iwonder____youwillgoshoppingorstayathome.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.what3.Thisis_____hewasoftenlateforschool.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.whether4.Weallknowthetruth____theearth____aroundthesun.A.if;movedB.that;movesC.why;moveD.whether;move知识梳理名词性从句相当于名词,可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此,名词性从句成分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。(一)引导名词性从句的连接词1、连接代词:who,whose,whom,what,which。有词义,在从句中担任成分,如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。2、连接副词:when,where,why,how。有词义,在从句中担任成分,作状语。3、连接词:that,whether,if,asif。that无词义,在从句中不担任成分,有时可省略;if(whether),asif虽有词义,但在从句中不担任成分。填空:我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。________weshallholdoursportsmeetingisnotdecided.我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。Idon’tknow_______broketheglassyesterday.我不知道他长的什么样子。Ihavenoidea_________helookslike.这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。Thisis_________Ileftmyglasses.知识点1:主语从句1、主语从句在复合句作主语。e.g.Whowillgoisnotimportant.2、用it作形式主语,主语从句放在句末。e.g.Itdoesn’tmattersomuchwhetheryouwillcomeornot.、that引导主语从句时,不能省略。e.g.Thathesuddenlyfellilllastweekmadeussurprised.注意:that从句作主语和宾语时,可以用it来替换成以下几种结构表达。(A)Itisclear/certain/likely/true/surprisingthat…(B)Itisapity/shame/goodidea/nowonderthat...(C)Itissaid/reported/believed/known/thought/suggestedthat…(D)Itseems/happens/occurs/turnedoutthat如:IthappenedthatIwentoutlastnight.ItissaidthatChinawillwinintheWorldCup.知识点2:表语从句用作表语的从句叫作表语从句,它位于主句中的连系动词之后。可以接表语从句的连系动词由be,look,remain,seem等。That引导表语从句时,在口语中,间或可以省略。1、由从属连词that,whether引导的表语从句。that在引导表语从句时无词义,而whether有词义,意为、“是否”。这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词,如question(问题),trouble(麻烦),problem(问题),result(结果),chance(可能性),suggestion(建议),idea(想法),reason(理由)等。表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释,使主语的内容具体化。Thetroubleis(that)shehaslosthismoney.Thequestioniswhetherweneedmoreicecream.2、由关系代词引导的表语从句。关系代词who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等引导表语从句,在句中作主语、宾语、表语,关系代词不能省略。Thequestioniswhichofusshouldgo.Theproblemwaswhocoulddothework.3、由关系副词引导的表语从句。Goandgetyourcoat.It'swhereyouleftit.Thatiswhatheisworriedabout.4、由连词because,asif/asthough等引导的表语从句。Itlookedasifitwasgoingtosnow.e.g.Thequestionwaswhocouldgothere.知识点3:宾语从句1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。e.g.Ihope(that)everythingisallright.2、宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省,在以下几种情况中that不能省略:(A)当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时,that不可省略;(B)当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时,that不能省;(C)当that作介词宾语时,that不可省掉。如:Hejudgedthat,becausehewasachild,hedidnotunderstandwineEveryoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.3、whether和if的用法。1)whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换,但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。如:Italldependsonwhethertheywillcomeback.2)后面直接跟ornot时用whether。如:Ididn’tknowwhetherornothehadarrivedinWuhan.3)主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中只能用whether。如:Whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.Thequestioniswhethertheyhavesomuchmoney.Weoughttodiscusscarefullythequestionwhetherwecandoitornot.4)whether常与or连用表示一种选择,if不能这样用Thequestionofwhethertheyaremaleorfemaleisnotimportant.5)whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。如:Ihavenotdecidedwhethertogoornot.6)宾语从句提前时用whether不用if。如:Thankyou,butwhetherI’llbefreeI’mnotsureatthemoment.7)引导条件状语从句时,必须用if.Ifitrainstomorrow,wewon’tgototheSummerPalace.if/whether1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.2.______wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.3.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.4.Idon’tknow___________heiswellornot.5.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.6.Thequestionis_________heshoulddoit.7.Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion______theoldmanwillrecoversoon.8.Idon’tknow_______togo.知识点4:同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语,一般位于该名词(如:news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea、promise等)之后,说明该名词的具体内容。e.g.Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.注意:同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用,在从句中不担当任何句子成分;而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中做宾语或主语,定语与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句,就应用连词that而不能用which.同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释名词的含义或内容,如以下名词:news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea、promise等,而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。如::疑问词+ever和nomatter+疑问词的区别①疑问词+ever可引导名词性从句,在从句中要充当一定的部分。如:Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.②疑问词+ever还可引导让步状语从句。如:Whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished,Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwell.③nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。如:Nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell.Nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.知识点6:名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致(1)宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致,但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象,虽然主句是过去时态,从句仍用一般现在时。如:Hello,Ididn’tknowyouwereinLondon.Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsataveryhighspeed.(2)主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语,谓语动词用单数,如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用复数;由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句,谓语动词用单数。如:Whenthemeetingwillbegin______notbeendecidedyet.(hasnot)Whentheywillstartandwheretheygo_______notbeendecidedyet.(havenot)Whenandwherethemeetingwillbegin_______notbeendecided.(hasnot)知识点7:名词性从句的词序名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。如:Heaskedmewhatwasthematterwithme.We’veheardthenewsthatwe’llmoveintothenewhouse.Whateveryousaywillinterestusall.知识点8:that和what的区别that引导名词性从句时,在主从句中不以当任何句子成分
本文标题:高三名词性从句全解析
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