2017-2018学年高中英语必修一高考分类题库： 2014年高考分类题库考点3 阅读理解

1温馨提示：此题库为Word版，请按住Ctrl，滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，关闭Word文档返回原板块。一、科普知识类....................................................................................................................................................-1-二、广告宣传类..................................................................................................................................................-36-四、人物传记类..................................................................................................................................................-57-五、文化教育类..................................................................................................................................................-67-六、社会生活类................................................................................................................................................-100-七、环境保护类................................................................................................................................................-186-八、文学艺术类................................................................................................................................................-202-考点3阅读理解一、科普知识类(2014·重庆卷·C)话题:生活　　词数:259w　难度:★★★★　　Theideaofbeingabletowalkonwaterhaslonginterestedhumansgreatly.Sadly,biologicalfactspreventuseveraccomplishingsuchathingwithoutartificialaid—wesimplyweightoomuch,andallourmasspushesdownthroughourrelativelysmallfeet,resultinginalotofpressurethatmakesussink.　　However,severaltypesofanimalscanwalkonwater.OneofthemostinterestingisthecommonbasiliskBasilicusbasilicus,alizard(蜥蜴)nativetoCentralandSouthAmerica.Itcanrunacrosswaterforadistanceofseveralmeters,avoidinggettingwetbyrapidlyhittingthewater’ssurfacewithitsfeet.Thelizardwilltakeasmanyas20stepspersecondtokeepmovingforward.Forhumanstodothis,we’dneedhugefeetthatwecouldbringuptoourearsinordertocreate2adequate“hitting”.　　Butfortunatelythereisanalternative:cornflour.Byaddingenoughofthiscommonthickeningagenttowater(anditdoestakealot),youcancreatea“non-Newtonian”liquidthatdoesn’tbehavelikenormalwater.Now,ifthesurfaceofthewaterishithardenough,particles(粒子)inthewatergrouptogetherforamomenttomakethesurfacehard.Movequicklyenoughandputenoughforceintoeachstep,andyoureallycanwalkacrossthesurfaceofanadequatelythickliquidofcornflour.　　Funthoughallthismaysound,it’sstillrathermessyandbetterreadaboutintheorythancarriedoutinpractice.Ifyoumustdoit,thenkeepthewaterwingshandyincaseyoustarttosink—andtakeashowerafterward!【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。水上行走虽然非常有趣,从理论来说是可能的,但在实践中是不切实际的,这主要是由人体的局限性造成的。44.Walkingonwaterhasn’tbecomearealitymainlybecausehumans　　　.A.arenotinterestedinitB.havebiologicallimitationsC.havenotinventedpropertoolsD.areafraidtomakeanattempt3【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段中的Sadly,biologicalfactspreventuseveraccomplishingsuchathing...可知,水上行走不能实现是由人体的局限性造成的。45.WhatdoweknowaboutBasilicusbasilicusfromthepassage?A.Itislightenoughtowalkonwater.B.Itshugefeetenableittostayabovewater.C.Itcanrunacrosswateratacertainspeed.D.Itsuniqueskinkeepsitfromgettingwetinwater.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段中的Itcanrunacrosswater...willtakeasmanyas20stepspersecondtokeepmovingforward.可知,Basilicusbasilicus可以以一定的速度在水上跑。46.Whatisthefunctionofthecornflouraccordingtothepassage?A.Tocreateathickliquid.B.Toturnthewaterintosolid.C.Tohelptheliquidbehavenormally.D.Toenablethewatertomoverapidly.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段中的particlesinthewatergrouptogetherforamomenttomakethesurfacehard可知,玉米粉的功能是形成浓厚的液体,以形成坚硬的表面。47.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardtheideaofhumans’walkingonwater?A.Itisriskybutbeneficial.4B.Itisinterestingandworthtrying.C.Itiscrazyandcannotbecomeareality.D.Itisimpracticalthoughtheoreticallypossible.【解析】选D。观点态度题。根据最后一段中的Funthoughallthismaysound,it’sstillrathermessyandbetterreadaboutintheorythancarriedoutinpractice.可知,作者认为水上行走虽然从理论来说是可能的,但是不切实际。(2014·辽宁卷·C)话题:树木生存法则　　词数:267W　　难度:★★★Woulditsurpriseyoutolearnthat,likeanimals,treescommunicatewitheachotherandpassontheirwealthtothenextgeneration?UBCProfessorSimardexplainshowtreesaremuchmorecomplexthanmostofuseverimagined.AlthoughCharlesDarwinthoughtthattreesarecompetingforsurvivalofthefittest,Simardshowsjusthowwronghewas.Infact,theoppositeistrue:treessurvivethroughtheirco-operationandsupport,passingaroundnecessarynutrition“dependingonwhoneedsit”.Nitrogen(氮)andcarbonaresharedthroughmilesofundergroundfungi(真菌)networks,makingsurethatalltreesintheforestecologicalsystemgiveandreceivejusttherightamounttokeepthemallhealthy.Thishiddensystemworksinaverysimilarwaytothenetworksofneurons(神经元)inourbrains,andwhenonetreeisdestroyed,it5affectsall.Simardtalksabout“mothertrees”,usuallythelargestandoldestplantsonwhichallothertreesdepend.Sheexplainshowdyingtreespassonthewealthtothenextgeneration,transportingimportantmineralstoyoungtreessotheymaycontinuetogrow.Whenhumanscutdown“mothertrees”withnoawarenessofthesehighlycomplex“treesocieties”orthenetworksonwhichtheyfeed,wearereducingthechancesofsurvivalfortheentireforest.“Wedidn’ttakeanynoticeofit,”Simardsayssadly.“Dyingtreesmovenutritionintotheyoungtreesbeforedying,butwenevergivethemchance.”Ifw