小升初英语动词专题讲解及练习--包括be动词和行为动词的比较-助动词和情态动词

1动词一、动词ing（现在进行时）动词加ing的变化规则直接加ingcook-cookingswing-swingingeat-eatingdraw-drawing以不发音的e结尾，去e加ingdance—dancingmake-making,write—writingride—ridinghave—havingskate—skatinghave-havingtake-takinghike-hiking双写末尾的辅音字母run-runningswim-swimmingget-gettingshop—shopping二、动词加S：（三单的一般现在时）动词+s的变化规则直接加-scook→cooks,look→looks,like→likes以o.s.x.sh.ch.结尾，加-esdo→does,go→goeswatch→watches,wash→washes以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-esstudy→studiesfly→flies元音字母（aieou)+y结尾，则直接加s:buy→buysplay→playssay→says特殊：have----hasHehasasmallnose.三、动词过去式动词过去式变化规则1.规则变化动词末尾加-edcook-cooked，cleaned,washed,listened,looked,played结尾是e加dtaste-tasted,loved,used,liked双写末尾的辅音字母stop-stoppedplan--planned以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i，再加-edstudy-studiedworry---worried2.不规则动词过去式：词义原形过去式词义原形过去式是am,is(be)was走gowent是are(be)were有have,hashad买buybought受伤hurthurt来comecame制造makemade做do,doesdid唱歌singsang画drawdrew睡觉sleepslept吃eatate跑runran感觉feelfelt说saysaid飞flyflew看见seesaw读readread听到hearheard2四、be动词和行为动词的用法区别1.Be动词包括：is,am,are,was,were2.实义动词：某个实际做出来的动作词语，如：swim,wash,do,go,buy,fly,sleep等等。3.要注意的是：小学阶段，当一个句子出现了be动词，那就没有实义动词，两者是“水火不容”的，只能二选一。1)Be动词后面可以加名词:Iamastudent.Myfatherisanengineer.2）Be动词后面加形容词：Iamtired.Youareveryhappy.Theywereveryexcited.Heistall/short/strong/thin.3）实义动词后面不加形容词，加名词或动名词。正确：IwenttotheparklastSunday.错误：IwaswenttotheparklastSunday.（×）正确：Theyategoodfoodattherestuantlastnight.错误：Theywereategoodfoodattherestuantlastnight.（×）4）只有一种情况两者必须同时存在：那就是现在进行时:如：IamwatchingTVnow.Look,Maryissweepingthefloor.Listen!Thegirlsaresingingintheclassroom.练习：一、用动词的适当形式填空。1.May______(listen)tothemusicnow.2.Ourteacher______(like)usverymuch.3.Tomdidn’t_______(do)hishomeworklastnight.4.LucyandMary______(be)myclassmates.5.She_____(be)tired.6.I____(be)tallerthanyou.7.Look,they________(play)footballnow.\8.He_____12yearsoldlastyear.Thisyearhe_____(be)13.9.Herparents______(be)inthezoonow.10.Mike________(climb)mountainseveryweenkend.二、翻译句子1.----昨天你去游泳了吗？----去了。-----_____you_______swimmingyesterday?-----Yes,I_______.2.玛丽看上去很累，她昨晚做什么了？Mary____________,what_____she_____lastnight.3五、助动词do注意：1.时态变化:现在时→过去时：do→did2.人称变化：第三人称单数：：do→does3.当句子出现助动词do时，千万要小心，它后面的动词必须用原型。4.一个句子出现助动词的情况：1）否定句：Idon’tlikeplayingfootball.2）一般疑问句：DoesMaryoftencleanherroom?3）特殊疑问句：Whatdidyoudolastnight?Whendoyougotoschool?HowdoesAmygotoschool?5.一个句子不需要出现助动词的情况：1）肯定句：Ilikeapples.2）有be动词的否定句：Iamnotagirl.3）有be动词的一般疑问句：Areyouhappy?4）有be动词的特殊疑问句：Whatareyoudoing?Whereareyou?Whattimeisitnow?6.注意区分助动词do与实义动词do的区别：助动词do没有实际的意思，只做结构性词语，实义动词do是“做”的意思.。如：dohomework,dohousework,dothedishes练习巩固：用助动词的适当形式填空：1.____youdoyourhomeworklastnight?2.We_____(否定形式)helphercleanherroomyesterday.3._____Jackdohishomeworkeveryday?4.How______yourmothergotowork?5._____sheoftengoswimmingontheweekend?6.When_______yougetupyesterdaymorning?7.What_____yourfatherdo?8.Tom__________(否定形式)likeplayingfootball.4六、情态动词：我们现在学过的情态动词有：can,will,would,may,must,should,shall。情态动词后动词总是用原形，用法与助动词do一样。(1)Can“能，能够”.Icansinganddance..Ican’tsinganddance.用在疑问句里，请求别人的允许。CanIhavesomerice,please?(2)will“将”在祈使句或者一般将来时出现Willyougowithme?(祈使句)Iwillbuyabiketomorrow.(用于将来时时态)(3)should“应该”Youshouldgotosleepnow.(4)must“必须”haveto“不得不”Youmustdoyourhomework.Ihavetogohomenow.Shehastowashherclotheseveryday.练习：1.Icanclimbtrees._____________________?（改为一般疑问句）________________________.（改为否定句）2.Iwill___________3.Ilike__________.A.goshoppingB.goingshoppingC.goshop4.Mary_______(不得不)doherhomeworklastnight.5.You_______(必须)cleantheroom.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------练习：用动词的适当形式填空1.He_________(live)inWuxitwolastyear2.Thecat________(eat)abirdlastnight.3.We_______(have)apartylastHalloween.4.Nancy________(pick)uporangesonthefarmlastweek.5.I______(make)amodelshipwithMikeyesterday.6.They______(play)chessintheclassroomlastPElesson.7.Mymother_______(cook)anicefoodlastSpringFestival.8.Thegirls____(sing)and___(dance)attheparty.9.Todayisasunnyday.We__________________(have)apicnicthisafternoon.10.Mybrother_______________(go)toShanghainextweek.11.Tomoften______________(go)toschoolonfoot.Buttodayisrain.He__________(go)toschoolbybike.12.--Whatdoyouusuallydoatweekends?5--Iusually__________(watch)TVand____________(catch)insects?13.--It’sFridaytoday.What___she____(do)thisweekend?--She______(watch)TVand_______(catch)insects.14.Mary____________(visit)grandparentstomorrow.15.I_____________________________(see)afilmtomorrow.16.A:What_______you____________________(do)nextSaturday？B:I________________________________(swim)withmyparents.17.There_____________(be)apartyinourschool.18.Mike_______________(visit)hisgrandparentsnextweek.19.Heoften________(have)dinnerathome.20.DanielandTommy_______(be)inClassOne.21.We_______(notwatch)TVonMonday.22.Nick_______(notgo)tothezooonSunday.23.______they________(like)theWorldCup?24.What_______theyoften_______(do)onSaturdays?25._____yourparents_______(read)newspaperseveryday?26.Thegirl_______(teach)usEnglishonSundays.27.SheandI________(take)awalktogethereveryevening.28.There________(be)somewaterinthebottle.