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1.The“deindustrialization”thesisofBluestoneandHarrisonassertthatthereplacementofdomesticmanufacturingwithforeignmanufacturingbegunbyUniteStatescorporationsinthelate1960sresultedina“hollowingout”ofAmericanindustry,wherebyworkersdisplacedfrommanufacturingjobsthroughmassiveplantclosingsfoundthemselvesmoreorlesspermanentlyintolower-paying,lesssecurejobsorfoundthemselvesmoreorlesspermanentlyintounemployment.Bluestone和Harrison的“去工业化”理论认为,美国企业从20世纪60年代末开始用外国制造来代替本国产品导致了美国工业被“挖空”,因此在工厂大规模关闭中失去了制造业工作的工人发现自己已经或多或少的永久进入到了低收入、低保障的工作中,或者失业。2.Pocock’sassertionthatJefferson’sattacksonthecommercialpoliciesoftheFederalistssimplyechothelanguageoftheToryoppositioninEnglandisatoddswiththefactthatJeffersonrejectedtheelitistimplicationsofthatgroup’snotionofvirtueandthatJeffersonassertedtherightofalltoparticipateincommercialsociety.Pocock认为Jefferson对联邦党商业政策的抨击仅仅是效仿英格兰保守党的反对言论,但Pocock的论断与事实相互矛盾。事实上,Jefferson拒绝考虑保守党对美德的看法所产生的精英主义的影响,同时Jefferson认为所有人都拥有权力参与商业活动。3.HerbertShawarguesthatbecausescientistshaveunderestimatedtheinputofsubstantialamountsofenergyfromextraterrestrialimpactors(asteroidandcometstrikingEarth),theyhavedifficultyaccountingforthedifferencebetweenthequantityofenergythatwasproducedfromsourcesintrinsictoEarthandthequantityofenergythatwasinvolvedinplatetectonics.HerbertShaw认为,由于科学家们低估了地外星体(撞击地球的小行星和彗星)撞击地球所输入的巨大能量,他们难以解释源自于地球内部的能量和与板块构造相关的能量之间数量上的差异。4.Critiquingthemovement’sthatlawyerscanofferspecialinsightsintoliteraturethatdealswithlegalmatters,Prosnerpointsoutthatwritersofliteratureusethelawlooselytoconveyaparticularideaorwritersusethelawasametaphorfortheworkingsofthesocietyenvisionedintheirfiction,对于这场运动的假定—即律师可以对涉及法律事务的文学作品提供独特的见解—Prosner指出,文学作家只是宽泛的利用法律来喻指小说所所造出来的社会运作过程。5.Onesuchnovelideaisthatofinterestingintothechromosomesofplantsdiscretegenesthatarenotapartoftheplants’naturalconstitution:specifically,theideaofinsertingintononleguminousplantsthegenes,iftheycanbeidentifiedandisolated,thatfittheleguminousplantstobehostsfornitrogen-fixingbacteria.Hence,thereistheintensifiedresearchonlegumes.一个新颖的观点是在植物的染色体中注入原本不属于这些植物的基因:具体来说,这个观点是指如果某些基因能让豆科植物成为固氮细菌的宿主,并且他们能够被借鉴和分离,便将这些基因注入非豆科植物之中。因此对豆科植物的研究不断增多。6.Somegeologists,however,onthebasisofobservationsconcerningmantlexenoliths,arguethatthemantleisnotlayered,butthatheterogeneityiscreatedbyfluidsrichin“incompatibleelements”(elementstendingtowardliquidratherthansolidstate)percolatingupwardandtransformingportionsoftheuppermantleirregularly,accordingtothevagariesofthefluids’pathways.但是,基于对地幔捕虏岩的观察,一些地质学家认为地幔并不是分层排列的,这种非均一性是由那种富含“各种不相容成分”的流质造成的:这些成分更像是液体而不是固体,它们自下而上不断渗透到上层地幔,由于流体流向无规则,它们也随机改变了上层地幔的构成。7.ItispossibletomakespecificcomplementaryDNA’s(cDNA’s)thatcanserveasmolecularprobestoseekoutthemessengerRNA’s(mRNA’s)ofthepeptidehormones.Ifbraincellsaremakinghormones,thecellwillcontainthesemRNA’s.Iftheproductsthatthebraincellsmakeresemblethehormonesbuttheproductsarenotidenticaltothem,thenthecDNA’sshouldstillblindtothesemRNA’s,butthecDNA’sshouldnotblindastightlyastheywouldtomRNA’sforthetruehormones.我们有可能制造出某种cDNA作为一个寻找肽类激素mRNA’s的分子探测器。如果脑细胞正在产生激素,那么这些细胞将会包含这些mRNA’s。如果脑细胞产生的仅仅是类激素,而非真的激素,cDNA‘s依然会与这些mRNA’s绑定在一起,但是不会像与真的激素绑定的一样紧。8.Theincreaseinthenumberofmarriedwomenemployedoutsidethehomeinthetwentiethcenturyhadlesstodowiththemechanizationofhouseworkandanincreaseinleisuretimeforthesewomenthanitdidwiththeirowneconomicnecessityanditdidwithhighmarriageratesthatshrinktheavailablepoolofsinglewomenworkers,previously,inmanycases,thattheonlywomenemployerswouldhire.20世纪越来越多的已婚女性除了负责家务外,还在家庭之外负责另一份工作。这个群体的增加与机器分担家务劳动、女性拥有更多闲暇时间没有太大关系。这个群体的增加主要是与女性希望获得更多的物质财富有关,也与高结婚率所导致的单身女性的劳动力数量下降有关。在此之前,雇主在大部分情况下只顾用单身女性。9.TheAnalyticalReview’sratherarchdismissalofnovelsbywomenhastoooftenbeenreflectedintheliteraryhistoriesofEnglishfiction,whereithasbeenpopulartoviewtheriseofthenovelastheexclusivehistoryof“thefivegreats”(Defoe,Richardson,Fielding,Smollett,andSterne)andithasbeenpopulartoignoreoratbesttominimizethecontributionsofeighteenth-centurywomennovelists.《分析评论》对于女性小说的傲慢性忽略经常在英国小说的文学历史中有所反应,在这一历史中,将女性小说的崛起视作是排除在“五杰”(Defoe,Richardson,Fielding,Smollett,和Sterne)历史之外的,并且直接忽略或者最多将18世纪女性小说的贡献缩到最小,这种做法是很受欢迎的。10.Theywerefighting,albeittheywerediscreetlyfighting,toopentheintellectualworldtothenewscienceandtheywerefightingtoliberateintellectuallifeformecclesiasticalphilosophyandtheyenvisionedtheirworkascontributingtothegrowth,notgrowthofphilosophy,butgrowthofresearchinmathematicsandphysics.虽然他们非常谨慎,但还是在奋力争取,希望能让学术界接纳一门新科学,并且让知识分子的生活从宗教哲学中解放出来,让知识分子不仅仅将自己的研究视作为哲学知识的增长做贡献,更应将自己的研究看成是为数学和物理研究做贡献。11.Undertheforceofthisview,itwasperhapsinevitablethattheartofrhetoricshouldpassfromthestatusofbeingregardedasofquestionableworth(becausealthoughitmightbebothasourceofpleasureandameansofdistorttruthandasourceofmisguidedaction)tothestatusofbeingwhollycondemned.修辞技法或许能够愉悦大众,并鼓舞大众采取正确的行动,但修辞技法也有可能扭曲真相,误导大众采取错误的行动。所以在这个观点的影响下,修辞技法原先那种还存有待商榷的价值的地位不可避免的会变成的一文不值,人人得而诛之。12.Theresurgenceofmultipleethnicgroupswithinasinglestate,Hillsays,isnot“potentiallythreateningtothesovereignjurisdictionofthestate,”asUrbanandSherzersuggest;rather,th
本文标题:陈琦戈弋GRE长难句300例unit19
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