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高考英语改错常见考点大剖析及经典习题㈠高考短文改错命题焦点:短文改错是全国统一高考中一种综合性很强的试题。短文改错的文章多采用记叙文,有时也用说明文。在100词左右的短文中设有十个小题,该题的设计形式有四种:1.该行错一个词,找出来并改正。2.该行多一个词,找出来并去掉。3.该行缺一个词,补上一词。4.该行没错,不改动。从近几年的高考题来看,这四种形式的考查情况大致为:多一词1~2处;缺一词1~2处;正确1处;错一词5~6处。这种题说到底是考查用词、词的搭配、词法、句法及语篇中的行文逻辑等各方面的水平。换句话说,这是一种比较全面的考查。我们在平时的学习中就要注意做到词不离句,句不离篇,要特别注意词的用法、搭配和语法分析能力的培养。平时打好这种基础,就为正确地解题准备了条件。㈡短文改错解题技巧:⒈快速阅读掌握大意。短文改错时应先从头到尾快速读一遍,了解其大意,这样有助于了解其中的逻辑关系,对时态、人称等都心中有数。十行中一般有九行有错误,一行无错,如发现并纠正错误,首要的任务是对全段文字有个整体的理解,阅读中注意句子的时态、语态、语气、非谓语动词或动词短语,注意句子中的名词、数词,以及其他词性的语法要求,注意句子之间的逻辑关系,注意段落的主旨内容,注意整篇短文的中心内容,这样才更加有效地完成改错。⒉在改错过程中,要结合上下文语境来观察,不要只盯住一行。按照上述的原则,对语法、句法、逻辑词义、搭配等诸方面进行综合考查分析并改正错误,应看上下文中有无逻辑关系上的错误,有无语法修饰上的错误,有无惯用法方面的错误。如果没有发现明显错误,则分别检查时态、人称,单复数,主谓一致等各项。⒊检查句与句之间的逻辑关系是否恰当。如有不妥之处,看看是否关联词有问题。⒋整篇做完后,认真检查一遍,注意其中逻辑关系是否合理,时态人称等是否一致。㈢短文改错常见考点:⒈多一词:抽象名词前多一冠词:如:Modernpeopleknowmoreaboutthehealth.(去掉the)专有名词前多一冠词:如:theEngland(去掉the),theHebeiProvince(去掉the),theBeijingAirport(去掉the)固定词组中名词前多一冠词:如:gototheschool(去掉the),gototheprison(去掉the),atthework(去掉the),inthebed(去掉the),gotothehospital(去掉the),setafiretosth(去掉a).,atthefirst(去掉the),themostofthem(去掉the),atthenoon(去掉the),makearapidprogress(去掉a),aplentyof(去掉a)表示交通工具的和by连用的名词前多一冠词:如:bytheair(去掉the),bythebus(去掉the),bytheship(去掉the)表示体育活动的名词前;如:playthefootball(去掉the),playthebasketball(去掉the)表示节日(常含有Day)的名词前多一冠词:如:theNationalDay(去掉the),theMayDay(去掉the)表示“非常”意思的“most”前多一冠词:如:Heisthemosthardworking.(去掉the)某种让步状语从句中名词前面多一冠词:如:Achildasheis,heknowsalot.(去掉a)在表示时间的“one/this/every+名词”的时间状语前多一介词:如:ononeday(去掉on),onthatevening(去掉on),ineveryweek(去掉in)某些及物动词因混淆词义而多一介词或副词;如:①raiseupone’shand(去掉up)②pick(摘)upapples(去掉up)③returnback(回来)(去掉back)④repeatagain(去掉again)⑤playwiththeminthematch(去掉with)⑥marrywiththeman(去掉with)⑦serveforthepeople(去掉for)⑧enterintotheroom(去掉into)⑨IlearnEnglisheverydaytoimproveitbetter(去掉better).表示地点的副词前多一介词:如:①gotothere(去掉to)②drivetohome(去掉to)③returntohome(去掉to)某些动词、连词、介词或副词后面多了一个介词:如:①becauseofhisleftlegwasbroken(去掉of)②insteadofhedevelopedhisloveforthetheatre(去掉of)③Ilookedatbutcouldseenothing.(去掉at)④joininthearmy(去掉in)状语从句和主句间多一并列连词:如:①Althoughheisverybusy,butheoftenhelpsuswithhousework.(去掉but)②Astheweatherwasgood,soIdecidedtogothereyesterday.(去掉so)充当状语的分词和主句之间多了并列连词:如:①Herhusbanddied,andleavingherthreechildren.(去掉and)②Hesatunderthetreeandreadingamagazine.(去掉and)作定语的分词前多一代词:如:①Thechildwhoreadingabookisherbrother.(去掉who)②HowIregrettedthehourswhichwastedinthewoods.(去掉which)定语从句中多一代词:如:①ThefilmthatIsawityesterdayisgood.(去掉it)②ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingforit.(去掉it)③Heisthemanwetalkedabouthim.(去掉him)在“连词+分词”结构中多一代词:如:①WhileIwaitingforabus,Ifoundawalletlyingontheground.(去掉waiting前的I)②Ifitheated,iceturnstowater.(去掉it)在某些固定结构中多了“to”,如:①Iwouldratherstayathomethantogotothecinemawithyou.(去掉第一个to)②Whynottotakeaholidayforagoodrest?(去掉to)③Shesaidshewouldrathernottodiscussitrightnow.(去掉to)④Youhadbetternottogothere.(去掉to)⑤Imadethemtodothecleaning.(去掉to)⑥Ihadhimtocleantheroom.(去掉to)⑦Wenoticedhimtowalkoutofthegarden.(去掉to)⑧Ioftenhearhertosingthesong.(去掉to)⒉缺一词:表一类事物的单数可数名词前缺冠词:如:A/The∧horseisausefulanimal.单数可数名词前缺少表示“一”的不定冠词,如:①Thereisa∧libraryineverytowninBritain.②Goodhealthisa∧person’smostvaluablepossession.特指名词前缺定冠词the,如:①Haveyoureadthe∧booksbyMarkTwain?②Thebookonthe∧deskismine.作状语的动词不定式缺“to”,如:①DavidandIwanttogooffto∧findhelp…②…andotherorganizationsareworkingto∧improvehealthallovertheworld.形容词最高级前缺定冠词the,如:oneofthe∧earliestkindsofmoneysuch或so与单数名词连用时不可缺少冠词,如:①Thisissucha∧goodbookthatIlikeit.②Heissogooda∧studentthatalltheteacherslikehim.姓氏复数形式(表示一家人或夫妇二人)前面缺一冠词,如:The∧TurnersarewatchingTV.表示世纪的某个年代前面缺一冠词,如:Inthe∧1870s,whenMarxwasalreadyinhisfifties,hefounditimportanttostudythesituationinRussia.表示“一个名叫…的人”前缺一冠词,如:A∧MissLeeiswaitingforyououtside.“形容词比较级+ofthetwo”前缺一冠词,如:Heisthe∧tallerofthetwo.某些固定短语中缺一冠词,如:inthe∧end,gotothe∧cinema,inthe∧daytime,onthe∧right抽象名词具体化时前面缺一冠词,如:①Themeetingheldyesterdaywasa∧success.②Itisa∧famousChinesetea.③Theexperimentturnedouttobea∧failure.作定语的不定式后缺少必要的介词,如:①Heislookingforaroomtolivein∧.②Thereisnothingtoworryabout∧.③Ineedapentowritewith∧.一些固定短语或习惯搭配中缺介词,如:①Hedidn’treplyto∧myletter.②Areyousureabout∧it?③Thousandsandthousandsof∧peoplelikewatchingTV.④DrWangstartedtooperateon∧thematonce.⑤Hegraspedmyhandsandaskedfor∧mynameandaddress.⑥JustthenamancametomeandaskedwhatIwaslookingfor∧.并列句缺并列连词,如:①Hewastiredand∧itwasgettingdark.②Heaskedmetogo,so∧Iwent.③Heisold,but∧heisstillstrong.名词性从句中缺少必要的连接词,如:①That∧hewillcomeiscertain.②Itisuncertainwhether∧hecancomeornot.③Weallknowthetruththat∧theearthgoesroundthesun.④Theyexpressedthehopethat∧theywouldcomeovertovisitChinaagain.定语从句中缺少必要的关系代词,如:①Thepolicehavefoundtheknifewithwhich∧themankilledhiswife.②Thechangesthat/which∧havetakenplacearegreat.③Isthistheboywho∧didthegooddeed?缺少为避免重复而使用的替代词“that或those”,如:①Thepopulationismuchlargerthanthat∧ofCanada.②TheweatherofBeijingisasgoodasthat∧ofShijiazhuang.③ThebikesmadeinShanghaiarebetterthanthose∧madeinBeijing.“make,let,have,see,hear,notice,observe,watch”等动词变成被动语态时缺少“to”,如:①Theyweremadeto∧workfourteenhoursadaybythelandlord.②Hewasnoticedto∧crossthestreet.
本文标题:高考英语改错常见考点大剖析及经典习题
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