高中英语必修五第二单元语法

1.consistvi.1)由……组成;由……构成(与of连用，不用于进行式）(=bemadeupof)２）在于；存在于；以……为主（与in连用，无被动式）委员会由七名成员组成．Thecommitteeconsistsofsevenmembers.Waterconsistsofhydrogenandoxygen.水由氢和氧构成．什么才算是幸福呢？Whatdoeshappinessconsistin?ThebeautyofVeniceconsistsinthestyleofitsancientbuildings.威尼斯之美就在于它具有古代建筑物的风格．e.g这个学校有72个教学班.___________72classesinthisschool.72classes_________thisschool.Thisschool__________72classes.Thisschool________________72classes.Therearemakeupconsistsofismadeupof2.Englandcanbedividedintothreemainareas.英国可以分成三大部分。divide意为“把一个整体分成若干个部分”常与into,among,between搭配divideinto把…分成dividesth.between/among/withsb.在…分配separateAfromB使分离;使分开divideseparatedivide整体分为若干部分．separate指把原来合在一起的或靠在一起的人和物分离开来．•Thecontryis_______into12provinces.•Theapplewas______intwo/half.•We_______themoneyequally.•Oxygencanbe_________fromwater.•TheTaiwanStrait_________TaiwanfromFujian.•Theprizemoneywillbeequally_______between/amongthethreewinners.divideddividedseparatedseparatesdivideddivided3.puzzlen.1)谜；难题；玩具2)迷惑；困惑（只用单数）aChinesepuzzle（中国玩具）［比喻］复杂难懂之事．across-wordpuzzle（纵横填字游戏）•Iaminapuzzleaboutthematter.我对这件事大惑不解．beinapuzzleabout对……大惑不解vt.把……难住;使……迷惑（这个问题使我很迷惑）Thequestionpuzzledme./Iampuzzledwiththequestion.vi.迷惑；苦思这个问题我想了好半天．Ipuzzledoverthequestionforquiteawhile.4．clarifyvt.(使某事物)清楚易懂，澄清IhopethatwhatIsaywillclarifythesituation.Ihopethisclarifiesmyposition.我希望这能阐明我的立场。Sheaskedhimtoclarifywhathereallymeant.她要他说明他到底什么意思。纯净，净化（黄油）Thisissomeclarifiedbutter.这是一些已经净化的黄油。你能想出几个-fy/-ify结尾的词吗？beautify(美化)purify（使纯洁）simplify（使简单化）5.referto(1).查阅,参考Ifyouwanttoknowhistelephonenumber,youmayrefertothetelephonedirectory.如果你想知道他的电话号码，你可以查电话簿。(2).谈到,提到，说起Pleasedon'trefertohispastagain.请别再提他的往事了。TheoldsoldierreferredtohisexperiencesduringtheLongMarch.老战士谈到了长征时的一些经历。(3).适用于,涉及到ThesebooksrefertoAsianproblems.这些书涉及到亚洲问题。Theseregulationsreferonlytochildren.这些规矩只适用于儿童。※referto...as...“把……称作……”HeisreferredtoasalivingLeiFeng.他被称作是一个活雷锋。6.aswell与aswellas1)aswell通常位于句末，表示“也，又同样”e.gElectricityiswidelyusedinindustryandindailylifeaswell.2)aswellas连接两个并列的成分做主语，意为“和，也又”，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致.e.gShe,aswellastheotherstudents,______completedtheexperiment.has3)aswellas位于句首，“除了…之外，还（又）”＝apartfromAswellasLucyandJack,Terrywenttothepark.7.NowwhenpeoplerefertoEnglandyoufindWalesincluded.findsthdone发现...被...其中done为过去分词，在这一结构中做宾补，sth和done之间是被动关系e.g.Whenhereturnedatmidnight,hefoundhishousebrokeninto.find带复合宾语时，做宾补的除了过去分词以外，还可以是adv,adj,prep,v-ingHewasfounddeadinthemorning.Hefoundhimselfinhospitalwhenhewokeup.Whenhewokeupinthemorning,hefoundallthelightsinhishouseon.Hefoundthepeoplelivingbetterthaneverbefore.他看到人民生活比过去任何时候都好。Tomfoundthegirlwalkinginthedirectionofthesmallvillage.8.accomplishvt.完成，实现，达到成功完成预期目标；complete强调完整的终结accomplishatask/accomplishone’saim完成任务/实现目标Wehaveaccomplishedallwesetouttodo.Thefirstpartoftheplanhasbeensafelyaccomplished.9.conflict(1)n冲突aconflictbetweentwocultures两种文化的冲突（2）矛盾，抵触Thestorytellsofaclassicconflictbetweenloveandduty.这故事讲的是典型的爱情与责任之间的矛盾（3）vi冲突，抵触Theresultsofthenewresearchwouldseemtoconflictwithexistingtheories.新的研究成果似乎和已有的理论相抵触conflictwith与...冲突inconflictwith与......相冲突10.breakaway(from)(1)突然挣脱;逃脱Theprisonerbrokeawayfromtheguardsandescaped.(2)脱离；背叛TheAmericansouthernstateswantedtobreakaway(fromtheUnion).11.creditn.(1)赞扬Youcouldatleastgivehimsomecreditforalltheefforthe’sputin.tosb’scredit值得赞扬（钦佩）某人,为某人带来荣誉Tohiscredit,henevertoldanyoneexactlywhathadhappened.It’smuchtohercreditthatshepreservedinspiteofallthedifficulties.(2)借款；赊帐creditcard信用卡Thebankrefusedfurthercredittohercompany.Weboughtthemachineoncredit.我们这台机器是赊购的。（3）学分Heearnedenoughcreditsforhisdegree.creditv.(1)相信，信任Hetoldmehe’djustwonthefirstprize—wouldyoucreditit?(2)becreditedto把…归功于…ThedefeatofcholerawascreditedtoJohnSnow.12.convenience(1)[U]方便；便利forconvenience为方便起见Weboughtthehouseforconvenience;it’sneartheshopsandtherailwaystation.forone'sconvenience＝fortheconvenienceofsb.为了某人的方便I’mnotgoingtoorganizemydayentirelyforyourconvenience.Wehaveprovidedseatsfortheconvenienceofourcustomers.atone'sconvenience在某人方便的时间(或地点)Canyoutelephonemeatyourconveniencetoarrangeameeting?(2)[C]便利的事物(或设施)Itwasagreatconveniencetohavetheschoolsonear.Theschoolhadallthemodernconveniencesthatwereunusualatthattime.convenientadj.方便的,便利的aconvenientplace/timeItbeconvenientforsb.todosth.…某人做某事方便ifitisconvenientto/forsb.…如果某人方便(的话)。convenient作表语时，不能用表示人的名词或代词作主语。Willitbeconvenientforyoutostartworktomorrow?Ifitisconvenientto/foryou,canIcometoseeyouthisafternoon?Is/WouldMondaybeconvenientfor/toyou?星期一对你来说方便吗？Myhouseisconvenientto/fortheshoppingcenter.我的家靠近购物中心。convenient主语不能是人。例如：如果你方便的话，英语应表达为：ifitisconvenientto/foryou，而不应表达为：ifyouareconvenient。练：Comeandseemewhenever_________.A.youareconvenientB.youwillbeconvenientC.itisconvenienttoyouD.itwillbeconvenienttoyou√13..…foundmostofthepopulationsettledinthesouth“find+宾语＋宾补(adj;adv;v-ing;pp;介词短语；）”eg:Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfoundsmokinginthekitchen.You’llfindhimeasytogetalongwith.Theyfoundthemselvestrappedbythebushfire.WhenIwokeup,Ifoundmyselfinhospital.Icalledonhimyesterday,butIfoundhimout.findoneselfdone(