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如何判断单词的重音单音节词是不需要区分的,肯定重读了。双音节词:有一种倾向,90%的动词倾向于在第二音节重读,动词以外的有60%倾向在第一音节重读。一.名词、形容词、副词的后缀,大都是非重读的,比如-er,-or,-ess,-ism,-sion,-ship,-hood,-age,-ure,-dom,-ey,-ance,-our,-ent,-ace,-ic等名词后缀-less,-ish,-ive,-ous,-able,-ic,-some,-like,-en,-ed,-al,-ant,-ful,-ing,-ty.-ly等形容词后缀,-ly,-ward,-wise等副词后缀。二、双音节词带以下前缀,重音在后面音节上:a,ab-,ac-,ad-,al-,be-,con-,de-,dis-emen,im,in,,forpre,pro,to,trans,mis-,re-,tans-,un-重音通常在第二音节上。例如:a'boutab'duceac'cedead'mirebe'longcon'sultde'tectdis'likeasleepbesidecompareconsiderdecidediscountemployenforceescapeexceptforbidforgetimagineincludemistakepersuadepretentproposerepairrespecttranslateaboutachieveaddressakimbobelievedecidereportcondemnrespectcompareinformdiscussimpressmistakeenforceprepareemploypermitescapeproduceexclaimtranslate二、带以下后缀的双音节词,重音通常在第二音节上:aim,ain,cur,eem,duce,ere,firm,gn,oin,oke,ose,pt,rce,self,ume.例如:Contain,occur,sincere,design,confirm.三、名词的重音多在第一音节上,形容词,动词的重音多在第二个音节上。特别是以de-,in-,re-,con-,pre-等前缀开头的词,这类词的区别很明显,但也容易被学英语的人忽略,要特别引起重视Record,object,alloy[l]合金(名词)alloy[l]使...成合金(动词)project[prfekt]计划(名词)project[prfekt]计划(动词)desert[dezt]沙漠(名词)desert[dz:t]抛弃(动词)record[rekd]唱片(名词)record[rk:d]录音(动词)present[preznt]礼物(名词)present[przent]赠送(动词)desertdes-ert沙漠(名词)desert抛弃(动词)insultin-sult侮辱(名词)insultinsult侮辱(动词)conductcon-duct行为(名词)conductconduct指挥(动词)contentcon-tent内容(名词)contentcontent使满足(动词)essayessay散文(名词)essayessay企图(动词)concretconcret混凝土(名词)concretconcret使凝固(动词)convoycon-voy护航(名词)convoyconvoy为...护航(动词)exploitexploit功勋(名词)exploitexploit利用(动词)surveysurvey调查(名词)surveysurvey勘测(动词)abstractn.摘要,抽取物ab'stractv.摘录,使抽象'progressn.前进,进步pro'gressv.前进,进三、三音节词及多音节词如果不受词缀影响,重音一般落在倒三音节上,但是有了后缀后,要受到后缀的影响,所以,在研究多音节单词重点的时候,我们只要把不在倒三音节上的挑出来,就可以了,因为除了上述的,都在倒数第三音节上。但是,有一点要注意,规律不是万能的,总有例外,只能靠记忆了。下面我们首先分析一下词缀变化与重音的关系,看哪些词缀影响重音变化,下面总结了八大规律:一、重音位置与原词重音位置一样的词缀:-al,-acy(与ate结尾的形容词对应的名词后缀inadequacy)-age,-er,-or,-ful,-ism,-ist,-ive,-ize,-ise,-less,-ly,-ness,-ship,-ing,-able,ry,ty.有一些就在第一个音节上。中国学生普遍把educator等词的重音发错(重音不是在a上,而是在e上),就是不明白这个规则。例如:Original,intrinsicalpersonal,residual,adjectival,Customary,scientist,slavery,advertise,messager.interrogator注意ism,很容易把重音读错如,nationalism,socialism,democratism,factionalism.注意重音都在与原词重音一样。二、重音落到最后的词缀(即最后音节,词缀本身):-ade,-ette,-ee,-ese,-que,aar,eer,zee,roo,这些词一般都是从法语中借来的词,双音节词也是同样的规律。例如:Blockade,referee,Chinese.lemonade、blockadeengineer、pioneer、domineerofficialese,arabesqueentrepreneur,reservoirespionage,entourage,三、重音后移现象,这些词缀因为改变了原词性,所以需要稍微加重一点读出来,那么,怎么加重呢,它就通过把重音向后拉一个音节,即把本来在倒第三音节的重音拉到词缀的前面,即在倒第二个音节上,也就在词缀的前一个音节上,词缀为双音节的则在词缀的前一个音节上,主要有以下情况:1.形容词后缀-ic,(如atic,-etic,-fic),名词后缀-ion,(如-ation,faction,-fication,-ition,-sion,-tion)democraticpacificscientificathleticterrificelasticenergeticeconomicrepublicmechanicalTitanicphoneticalcoholicalphabeticalAntarcticaAsiaticastronomicallyatomicbiologicalbotanicaleconomicallyelectricelectronicemphaticempiricalgeologicallyhistorichystericalionicmagneticmathematicsmechanicnumericalpacificperiodicpoliticalrepublicscientificspecificalcoholiclphabeticalAntarc-ti-caAsiaticastronomicallyathleticatomicbiologicalbotanicaleconomicallyelectricelectronicemphaticempiricalgeologicallyhistorichystericalionicmagneticmathematicsmechanicnumericalpacificperiodicpoliticalrepublicscientificspecificGrographic,climatic,sympathetic,invitation,satisfaction,competition.例外:catholic,lunatic,heretic,arithmetic,televisionrhetoric2.后缀-ana,-escence,-escent,-i(表示国籍和语言,Israeli,Pastani),-ics(学科),-itis(炎症),-sis(病理)Victoriana,convalescence,adolescence,fluorescent,evanescent,bronchitis,arthritis,hepatitis,fibrosis,filariasis,tuberculosis3.后缀idintrepidinsipid四、隐藏的倒第三音节:有的词缀实际上由两个音节组成,但是一般中国人的音节划分方法容易把他们视为一个双音节,这种情况需要注意。知道他们其实是两个音节了,那也自然就知道他们的重音也符合倒三音节的规律了,就在这个音节之前。如果再往前就不对了。比如:1.词缀al,-ial,-ical,-ia,-ium,-(X)ous(包括-acious,-aneous,-eous,-ious,),-ian,(包括-arian,-ician),-ity(比如在acity,iety,eity,bility,ility,uity),以上词缀中e,i都算一个音节。al其实也算两个音节,l是要当成一个音节来读的。al,ial,ical:Imperial,managerial,offi-cialmusicalexperientialia:militia,disequilibia,euthanasia,hypothermia,intelligentsia,realia,ium:delirium,ity:capability,ingenuity,capacitypossibilityhumanitypossibilityopportunitysagacity、spontaneity、futility、ingenuitysobriety、proprietydependaBIlity,dualityuniversitycian:logician,mathematicianpoliticianmusi-cian,arian:egalitarian;utilitarian;Presbyterian;Trinitarian;Unitarianhumanitarian(X)ous:sagacious,spontaneous,delicious;mysterious;perspicuous;surreptitious;spontaneous;promiscuous;efficacious;notorious;lugubrious,不属于上述情况的ous:infamous,gluttonous,ludicrous,ridiculous,phosphorous,monotonousmischievous中的ous算一个音节,重音就在倒三音节上,包括fortuitous,ubiquitous例外:horrendous,humongous,momentous此现象见规则六。四、ment作为词缀时,重音往往在倒三音节上,但如果其后再加词缀,重音就落在ment上。Moment,governmental,advertisement,monumental.但-ity的决定力大于-ment,所以sentimentality的重音仍遵循-ity的规则五、在倒数第三音节前重读的单词,就是倒数第四音节,主要是因为后面有弱读的后缀ible,able,ary,ery,ory,比如:negligible、ordinary、contemporary、adversary、monastery、conservatory,promontory尤其需要注意的是,-able(-ible)加在一个以重读音节结尾的单词上,重音要前移一个音节,对比compare/comparable(重音在首音节上)、admire/admirable。六、英语大部分词汇来源于拉丁语,也继承了拉丁语的一个主要重音规则,即如果penult的元音后面是双辅音(爆破音b、p、k、g、t、d在
本文标题:重音的判断和发音规律
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