水文地质工程地质

Kriging1,2,1,3(11,237012;21,241000;31,100101):Kriging,4(020cm)611,,425%,Kriging(NRMSE),;,,Kriging,,KrigingNRMSE,KrigingKriging:;;;;:S15316+1:A:100023665(2008)0520086205:2007211205;:2008203227:(40673028);(2006KJ023B):(19692),,,,,E2mail:[e-mail]1,Kriging,,,Yost[1],,PKCaMg3242kmYi2JuChien[2]White[3]Zn,480km,Zn[47]Kriging,,[820],Robinson[18][19](RootMeanSquareError,RMSE);[20]BPKriging,,BP;,BP,;Schloeder[21],,[22],Kriging,,[2223],KrigingKriging,,Kriging(),,6820085Kriging,2211,,,1162611715E,3113134N,2059km2,1539400m,130,55412km2;400100m,136,71619km2;10040m,1350,42719km2;407m,1788,31511km2,611,(1),1Fig.1DistributionofgeomorphologicregionsandsamplepointsinShuchengCounty21221211Kriging,,ArcGIS9,ArcGIS9GeostatisticalAnalystCreateSubsets,,,,€x3,[€x3s],[24]21212Kriging,,Kriging,[2425]Kriging,,Kriging,GS+7,KrigingGS+7ArcGIS921213,,Kriging(NormalizedRootMeanSquareError,NRMSE)[16]NRMSE=100%1NNi=1(^Zi-Zi)21NNi=1Zi:^Zi;Zi;NNRMSE,,33111,,;19143%38181%,MATLABnormplot2[24],(C0P(C0+C))10123%782008531179%,C0P(C0+C),C0P(C0+C)25%,,[2425]213723171km,,1518km,814km,418km,316km,,,312Kriging3NRMSE,KrigingNRMSE(),23NRMSE,,,,Kriging,,,,Kriging1Table1Descriptivestatisticsoftotalsoilnitrogen(gPkg)(%)402104191438111971917610011992212812011982113714211992015663111538181101111433169144111133146196111733128241111434116410187211678001922311610101922415311901922313814201912317426113622134381135241785011332410673113323121861134231812Table2ParametersofthefittedvariogrammodelsoftotalsoilnitrogenC0C0+CC0P(C0+C)(%)(km)40010500119725138121188101043011652610631921000105301228231252317112001048011982412418196142010420119221187201236301022012151012341991010102901183151858139144010420116725115719019601062011953117912128241010520118228157813241010080106911159213780010500119325191712910101022011171818031441190102301219101506148142010230109225100414626010560148811148315338011450151428121319150011000143223115319973010780136821120313986010740138719112219988200853(Pkm2)KrigingTable3NormalizedRootMeanSquareErrorforKriginginterpolationNRMSE(%)NRMSE(%)NRMSE(%)NRMSE(%)0107291920109241110109211320108191780115261780114211660117191430112171920118241780120211210121191170116171720122241760127201070125181520123171590126231320134201030130181260127171212NRMSEFig.2TrendofNormalizedRootMeanSquareError(NRMSE)Kriging:Kriging=|NRMSE|||34174,16132,14157,13153,,,,,170611,ArcGIS9Kriging,,3,,,3170(a)611(b)KrigingFig.3DistributionmapsoftotalsoilnitrogenbyKriginginterpolationat170samples(a)and611samples(b)4(1),(C0P(C0+C))25%,(2)KrigingNRMSE(),;,,Kriging,,Kriging(3)Kriging9820085,Kriging,Kriging,,Kriging:[1]YostRS,UeharaGandFoxRL.Geostatisticalanalysisofsoilchemicalpropertiesoflargelandareas.I.Semivariograms[J].SoilScienceSocietyofAmericaJournal,1982,46(4):1028-10371[2]Yi2juChien,Dar2yuanLee,Horng2yuhGuo,etal.Geostatisticalanalysisofsoilpropertiesofmid2westTaiwansoils[J].SoilScience,1997,162(4):291-2981[3]WhiteJG,WelchRM,NorvellWA.SoilZnmapoftheUSAusinggeostatisticsandgeographicinformationsystems[J].SoilScienceSocietyofAmericaJournal,1997,61(1):185-1941[4],,,.GIS[J].,2005,38(6):1204-12121[5],,,.[J].,2003,23(1):77-811[6],,.NP[J].,2004,25(1):138-1431[7]LiBG,CaoJ,LiuWX,etal.GeostatisticalanalysisandKrigingofHexachlorocyclohexaneresiduesintopsoilfromTianjin,China[J].EnvironmentalPollution,2006,142(3):567-5751[8]PingJL,DobermannA.Variationintheprecisionofsoilorganiccarbonmapsduetodifferentlaboratoryandspatialpredictionmethods[J].SoilScience,2006,171(5):374-3871[9]KravchenkoAN.Influenceofspatialstructureonaccuracyofinterpolationmethods[J].SoilScienceSocietyofAmericaJournal,2003,67(5):1564-15711[10]VanKuilenburgJ.Accuracyofspatialinterpolationbetweenpointdataonsoilmoisturesupplycapacity,comparedwithestimatesfrommappingunits[J].Geoderma,1982,27:311-3251[11]BishopTFA,McBratneyAB.Acomparisonofpredictionmethodsforthecreationoffield2extentsoilpropertymaps[J].Geoderma,2001,103(1):149-1601[12]KravchenkoA,BullockDG.Acomparativestudyofinterpolationmethodsformappingsoilproperties[J].AgronomyJournal,1999,91(3):393-4001[13]LiuGang,KuangJishuang.THESTUDYONFIELDSOILSAMPLINGSTRATEGIESANDINTERPOLATIONTECHNIQUES[C]PPPromotingglobalinnovationofagriculturalscience&technologyandsustainableagriculturedevelopment.20011[14]LaslettGM.ComparisonofseveralspatialpredictionmethodsforsoilpH[J].JournalofSoilScience,1987(38):325-3411[15]LarkRM,FergusonRB.MappingriskofsoilnutrientdeficiencyorexcessbydisjunctiveandindicatorKriging[J].Geoderma,2004,118(1-2):39-531[16]HanS,SchneiderSM,EvansRG.Evaluatingcokrigingforimprovingsoilnutrientsamplingefficiency[J].TransactionsoftheASAE,2003,46(3):845-8491[17],,.[J].,2006,20(2):68-721[18]RobinsonTP,MetternichtG.Testingtheperformanceofspatialinterpolationtechniquesformappingsoilproperties[J].Computersandelectronicsinagriculture,2006,50(2):97-1081[19],,,.[J].,2005,22(4):298-3021[20],,.BP[J].,2004,20(3):35-391[21]SchloederCA,ZimmermanNE,JacobsMJ.Comparisonofmethodsforinterpolatingsoilpropertiesusinglimiteddata[J].SoilScienceSocietyofAmericaJournal,2001,65(2):470-