长江流域翘嘴鲌体形几何形态学研究(梁其欢)

JIUJIANGUNIVERSITY毕业论文题目长江流域翘嘴鲌体形几何形态学研究英文题目TheYangtzeRiverbasinshapegeometryofCulter院系药学与生命科学学院专业生物科学姓名梁其欢年级2011级指导教师张小谷二零一五年五月九江学院11级本科毕业论文：长江流域翘嘴鲌体形几何形态学研究I摘要本研究所采用的翘嘴鲌鱼体材料,运用几何形态学方法，采用TpsDig2软件标记每个翘嘴鲌标本的16个特征点，收集各个特征点的特征值，用SPSS统计学软件进行行判别函数分析和聚类分析，比较翘嘴鲌(Culteralburnus）7个不同群体间的形态差异。结果表明，以判别分析建立的判别函数,对7个不同群体的综合判别率为96.6%。分析结果显示，几何形态测量分析法对7个不同群体翘嘴鲌进行判别函数分析是可以区分的,典型判别函数散点表明不同地理区域其几何形态的差异明显。以聚类分析结果表明，7个不同翘嘴鲌群体可分为三支,丹江口水库、无锡养殖、无锡太湖和四川乐山岷江四个群体形态最为接近,首先聚为一支,都昌新妙湖和重庆大洪湖聚为另一支,而都昌新妙湖和重庆大洪湖群体则相对独立为一支。三个分支中都昌新妙湖和重庆大洪湖群体与其他群体的亲缘关系相对较远。在不同区域的翘嘴鲌群体，有一定的几何形态差异。从2种分析方法中,判别分析的鉴别效果最好。从网格图上，我们可以了解7个不同群体翘嘴鲌的各个部位的体形特征情况。关键字：翘嘴鲌；体形；几何形态学九江学院11级本科毕业论文：长江流域翘嘴鲌体形几何形态学研究IIAbstractTpsDig2softwaretomarkeachofCulteralburnusspecimensof16featurepointsbythetopmouthculterfishbodymaterials,usingthemethodofgeometricmorphologyandcollectedeachfeaturepointfeaturevalue,usingSPSSstatisticalsoftwarefordiscriminantfunctionanalysisandclusteringanalysis,moreAlicemouthculterCulteralburnus7differentgroupsofmorphologicaldifferences.Theresultsshowthat,inordertodeterminediscriminantanalysis,7differentgroupsofthetotaldiscriminantaccuracywas96.6%.TheresultsshowthatthegeometricmorphometricanalysismethodofsevenpopulationsofthetopmouthCulteralburnusofdiscriminantfunctionanalysiscandistinguishthecanonicaldiscriminantfunctionscattershowedsignificantdifferenceindifferentgeographicregionsofthegeometry.TheclusteringanalysisresultsshowthatsevendifferentCulteralburnusgroupscanbedividedintothreebranches,Danjiangkoureservoir,culturedinWuxi,WuxiTaihuLakeandLeshan,SichuanMinjiangfourgroupformisclosetothatofthefirstpolyA,DuchangwonderfulnewlakeandChongqingHonghuclusteredintoanotherbranch,andChangXinMiaolakeandChongqingHonghugroupsisrelativelyindependenta.ThegeneticrelationshipbetweenDuchangthreebranchesinnewwonderfullakeandChongqingHonghupopulationandotherpopulationsisrelativelyfar.IndifferentregionsofCultergroups,havecertaindifferencesingeometry.Fromthe2methodsofanalysis,discriminantanalysisoftheeffectofthebest.Fromthegridgraph,wecanunderstandtheshapecharacteristicsof7differentgroupsofdifferentpartsofculter.Keywords:Culteralburnus;Bodyshape;geometricmorphology.九江学院11级本科毕业论文：长江流域翘嘴鲌体形几何形态学研究III目录摘要..............................................................................................................................................IAbstract............................................................................................................................................II目录............................................................................................................................................III前言..............................................................................................................................................11材料与方法....................................................................................................................................31.1材料.............................................................................................................................................3标本整理、图像获取：...........................................................................................................31.2方法.....................................................................................................................................41.3统计方法.....................................................................................................................................42结果与分析....................................................................................................................................42.1形态特征差异.............................................................................................................................42.2几何形态测量分析...............................................................................................................72.2.1检测样本组特征点的合理性.........................................................................................72.2.2翘嘴鲌体形特征点的判别函数分析............................................................................72.2.3翘嘴鲌体形特征点的聚类分析..................................................................................113讨论............................................................................................................................................13参考文献...................................................................................................................................14致谢............................................................................................................................................16九江学院11级本科毕业论文：长江流域翘嘴鲌体形几何形态学研究1前言翘嘴鲌形态学特征翘嘴鲌（Culteralburnus）又称翘嘴红鲌，属鲤形目、鲤科、鲌属。头背面平直，头后背部隆起。眼大而圆眼大，位于头的侧下方。口上位，竖于口前，下颌坚厚急剧上翘，口裂几乎成垂直，下咽齿末端成钩状。体型较大，侧扁，体细长，呈柳叶形。鳞小。侧线明显，前部略向上弯，后部横贯体侧中部略下方，侧线鳞80-93枚。腹鳍基至肛门间有腹棱；背鳍具强而光滑的硬刺；尾鳍分叉，下叶稍长于上叶[1-2]。体背略呈青灰色，两侧银白，各鳍灰黑。尾巴是红色的被称为翘嘴红鲌，尾巴呈青色的称之为青梢鲌。翘嘴红鲌属中、上层大型淡水经济鱼类，行动迅猛，善于跳跃，性情暴躁，容易受惊，属于广温性鱼类[3]。是我国鳊鲌亚种最大的一种鱼。翘嘴鲌为大型习见经济鱼类，数量较多。其肉洁白鲜嫩，营养价值较高，口感好。广泛分布于我国长江中下游地区各水域，位列“太湖三白”之首，我国平原诸水系均产，以湖北、安徽和黑龙江省产量最多