金乌贼的行为习性及标志技术的研究_郝振林

中国海洋大学硕士学位论文金乌贼的行为习性及标志技术的研究StudiesontheBehaviorandMarkingTechnologyofSepiaEsculenta专业名称：作者姓名：指导老师：1金乌贼的行为习性及标志技术的研究学位论文完成日期：指导教师签字：答辩委员会成员签字：答辩时间：答辩地点：2金乌贼的行为习性及标志技术的研究摘要本文以日照岚山头金乌贼为研究对象，采用实验生态学、生理学及行为模型的构建，主要研究了亲体金乌贼在人控环境下的繁殖行为；金乌贼幼体的生长发育；环境条件的变化对金乌贼幼体摄食行为的影响以及利用茜素络合指示剂（ALC）标志金乌贼的方法。主要研究结果如下：1.以日照岚山头采捕的金乌贼为研究对象，着重观察了养殖池内亲体金乌贼的交配和产卵行为，研究了不同产卵基附卵效果的差异，分析了金乌贼胴长、体重与怀卵量之间的关系，确定了金乌贼亲体的产卵节律。结果显示：亲体金乌贼求偶、追偶、交配、产卵、扎卵等行为明显；不同产卵基附卵效果差异显著，网绳产卵基和柽柳产卵基附卵效果较好，地肤草较差；金乌贼怀卵量与胴长和体重之间不存在函数关系，怀卵量主要集中于500~1500粒之间，平均怀卵量为1114粒；产卵时间较有规律，主要集中于21时至次日凌晨3时。2.对天然海域及养殖池内采集的金乌贼受精卵进行了人工孵化，对孵化后金乌贼幼体的生长发育进行了追踪研究，对部分生长参数与日龄之间的关系进行了分析。结果显示：受精卵的孵化受温度影响显著；受精卵孵化率受温度影响不显著，但受盐度影响较大；小水体条件下金乌贼幼体的存活率偏低为81.4%，大水体条件下，存活率较高为100%；如初期饵料充足，幼体乌贼规格整齐，放养密度较低时不会出现自残现象；金乌贼各生物学指标（胴背长、胴长、胴宽、壳长、壳宽、内壳最后一层长、轮层数、轮层宽度）均可以作为其重要的年龄标记，各生物学指标与日龄之间存在线性关系且相关密切，r2均接近1；金乌贼各生长参数（胴宽/胴长、壳宽/壳长、室率）与日龄之间虽存在线性关系但关系不密切。3.研究了不同底质(玻璃底、沙底)，光照度（250lx、0.1lx），视角（视野前方、上方、下方）对金乌贼摄食行为的影响。结果表明：沙底条件下金乌贼摄食行为与玻璃底条件下明显不同，沙底条件下，金乌贼在摄食过程中表现出明显的隐蔽行为；金乌贼具有较高的视觉灵敏度，在250lx与0.1lx条件下金乌贼摄食3行为无明显差异；金乌贼摄食视野上方食饵的成功率要比摄食下方或前方时约低20%；在250lx光照度下胴背长43mm、48mm、56mm的金乌贼对食饵反应距离分别为：130.0cm、135.5cm、143.1cm，在0.1lx时为：115.0cm、120.6cm、126.3cm.。4.利用荧光染色剂—茜素络合指示剂（ALC）对幼体金乌贼内壳进行标志，并暂养标志后的乌贼幼体于1.5m×1.5m×1.5m水泥池内30d，后将暂养的幼体放养于养殖面积为4亩的天然土池并在60d后入室内水泥池越冬，历时210d。暂养过程中，定期对标志乌贼进行随机取样，解剖出内壳观察标志色保留状况并对金乌贼生长发育及存活率进行测量。结果显示，本实验所采用的ALC内壳标志方法操作容易，鉴别简单，并可一次性大量进行标志处理且标志色保持率高，保留时间长，填补了国内外在乌贼标志放流方面的空白。关键词：金乌贼；繁殖习性；发育生物学；摄食行为；标志技术4StudiesonthebehaviorandmarkingtechnologyofSepiaesculentaAbstractS.esculentacollectedfromRizhaoLanshanwereregardedasresearchfulobjectinthispaper,weobservetheS.esculentareproductionbehaviourinartificialenvironment;measurethegrowthofyoungS.esculenta,studyonthedifferencesofyoungS.escul-entfeedingbehaviourindifferentcondition;inventALCmarkingmethodofS.esculenta,byexperimentalbiology,physiologyandthefoundationofbehaviormodel.Themostresultsaresummarizedasfollow：1.StudiesonthereproductionhabitofgoldencuttlefishSepiaesculentaS.esculentacollectedfromRizhaoLanshanwereregardedasresearchfulobjectinthispaper,thematchingandspawningbehaviourofmatureS.esculentawereobservedinbreedingpond,theeffectofdifferentspawningsubstratewerestudied,therelationshipbetweenthemantlelengthandbodyweightofS.esculentaandthenumberofpregnanteggswasanalyzed,thespawningrhythmofmatureS.esculentawasfounded.Theinvestigationresultsshowedthatthecourtshipbehaviour,chasingbehaviour,matchingbehaviour,spawningbehaviourwereobviouslyobserved;thereweresignificantlydifferencesbetweendifferentspawningsubstrate,thenumberofeggsonfishingnetsubstrateandTamarixchinensissubstrateismorezhanKochiascopariasubstrate;therewerenofounctionrelationbetweenthefecundityandhemantlelengthandbodyweightofS.esculenta,thefecunditywasmostlybetween500and1500,andtheaveragewas1114;thespawningtimewasverydisciplinarianandmostlybetween21:00andthenextday03:00.2.StudiesonthegrowthofyounggoldencuttlefishSepiaesculentaS.esculentacollectedfromRizhaoLanshanwereregardedasresearchfulobjectinthispaper,theoospermsofnaturalcollectionandmanulcollectionwerehatchedundertheartificialcondition,theyoungS.esculentawererearedwithfoodsenough,thedevelopmentalcharacteristicofS.esculentawasstudiedandtherelationbetween5ageanddevelopmentalparameteywasanalyzed.Theinvestigationresultsshowedthatthetemperaturesignificantlyaffectedtheoospermhatchingtime;theoospermhatchingindexwasnotsignificantlyaffectedbytemperature,butsignificantlyaffectedbysalinity;thesurvivalrateofS.esculentawas81.4%insmallwater,and100%inbigwater;theautotomywasnotappearancewhenthefoodswereeough,thesizeofS.esculentawasinorderandthedensityofS.esculentawaslow;allthebiologicalindex(DML,ML,MW,L,CW,l,SN)ofS.esculentawaslookedonastheagemarker;therelationbetweentheageandallthebiologicalindex(SW,M’,L’,Li)ofS.esculentawasverycloseandr2wasnearto1;therelationbetweenageandallofthedevelopmentalparameterwasnotveryclose.3.EffectsofdifferentenvironmentalfactorsonfeedingbehaviorofjuvenilegoldencuttlefishSepiaesculentaThispaperinvestigatedtheeffectsofsubstrate（glasssubstrate，sandsubstrate）,visualangle(frontage,above,below)onfeedingbehaviorofS.esculenta.TheresultsinthepresentstudyindicatedthatsubstratesignificantlyaffectedthefeedingbehaviorofSepiaesculenta,andcovertbehaviorcouldeasilybeseenintheprocessofS.esculenta’sfeedingbehaviorinsandsubstrate.Therewerenosignificantdifferencesbetween250lxand0.1lx;thechanceofsuccessfullypreyingtheshrimpwhichisabovetheviewisabout20%lowerthanotherbearings;thereactiondistanceofS.esculenta(doralmantlelength,DML(43mm、48mm、56mm))is130.0cm、135.5cm、143.1cmrespectivelyin250lx；and115.0cm、120.6cm、126.3cmin0.1lx.4.AmarkingmethodofgoldencuttlefishSepiaesculentaS.esculentawereregardedastaggedobjectinthisexperiment,theircuttleboneweretaggedwithfluorescentdye—AlizarinComplexone（ALC），andthenthetaggedS.esculentawereputinto1.5m×1.5m×1.5mconcretepondfor30d,subsequentlywereputinto4unitsofareanaturaldustpondfor60d,andthenwerereturnedtohouse.Thisexperimentexperienced210days,intheprocessofbreeding,somesampleswerecollectedinordertoexaminethecuttlebonefadingsituation.The