高一必修4_Unit1语法学习-主谓一致精讲精练

1主谓一致(Subject-VerbAgreement)，指”人称”和”数方面的一致关系.如:Heisgoingabroad.Theyareplayingfootball.可分为:语法一致,内容一致,就近一致.(一)语法一致原则:即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数.and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候,谓语动词有以下两种情况：(1)如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候,谓语动词用复数。如：HeandI__are_bothstudentsofthisschool.(2)如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物,或者指同一概念的时候,谓语要用单数。Eg.Thesingeranddancer_is____onthestage./Aknifeandforkisusedtohavemeals./Thepoetandwriterhascome.那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人)Thepoetandthewriterhavecome.Warandpeaceisoftenpeople’stopic如:breadandbutter(黄油抹面包),knifeandfork(刀叉)等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。whiskyandsoda汽水saltandwater盐水aneedleandthread针线;ahorseandcart四轮马车;awatchandchain表链;warandpeace战争与和平;truthandhonesty;Asingeranddancer_______beeninvitedtotheparty.Asingerandadancer_______beeninvitedtotheparty.(3)and连接的两个或多个主语前如有each,every,no,manya(许多）morethanone等修饰时，尽管从意义上看是复数,但它的谓语动词仍用单数.Eg.1)Everytreeand(every)floweristobecutdown.2)Inourcountryeachboyand(each)girlhasrighttoreceiveeducation3)Nosoundandnovoiceisheard.4)Manyaboyandgirlhasmadethesamemistake.5)Morethanonestudentwaslate.注意：但more+复数名词+thanone做主语时,谓语动词仍用复数Morepersonsthanonecometohelpus.不止一个人来帮助我们。(4)eachof…/eitherof…./oneof…谓语动词用单数.Eg.Eachofushassomethingtosay.我们每个人都有话要说(5)none做主语时,谓语动词可用单数,也可用复数;但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数,因而谓语动词要用单数.Eg.Noneofusare(is)perfect.人无完人。Noneofthisworriesme.这事一点不使我着急。Noneofthismoneyismine.这些钱都不是我的。(6)单数主语即使后面带有with,alongwith,togetherwith,like(象),but(除了),except,besides,aswellas,nolessthan,ratherthan(而不是),including,inadditionto引导的短语,谓语动词仍用单数.Eg.Airaswellaswaterismatter.空气和水都是物质.Nooneexcepttwoservantswaslateforthedinner.除了两个仆人外,没有一个人迟来用餐。Theteacherwithtwostudents__was_atthemeeting.Mary,togetherwithherparents,____hasbeen_totheSummerPalacetwice.(7)名词如:trousers,scissors,clothes,goods,glasses等作主语时,谓语动词必须用复数.如:Eg.Hisclothesaregood.////Thesescissorsaresharp.但这些名词前若出现apairof,谓语一般用单2数.如:Apairofglassesisonthedesk.桌上有一副眼镜。(8)主语是书名，剧名，报纸名，国名等复数形式的名词，仍为个体，谓语用单数。形复意单名词如:news;以ics结尾的学科名称如:physics,mathematics,economics;国名如:theUnitedStates;报纸名如:theNewTimes;书名如:ArabianNights天方夜谈;以及TheUnitedNations联合国等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Eg.TheUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountry.(9)“a+名词+andahalf“,“oneandahalf+名词”,“thenumberof+名词”等作主语时,谓语动词要用单数.Onlyoneandahalfapplesisleftonthetable.注意:oneortwo+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式,如:Oneortwoplaceshavebeenvisited.参观了一两个地点。(10)不定式(短语),动名词(短语),或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数.如:Eg.Servingthepeopleismygreathappiness.为人民服务是我最大的幸福.Collectingstampsishishobby.收集邮票是他的爱好。Whenwe’llgooutforanoutinghasbeendecided.我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。Whenandwherewewillgohasn’tbeendecided.注意:但当what引导的句子做主语，若后面是“be+...”的结构时，谓语随....变化。Eg:1.)Whatyoudidwasright.2.)Whatyouneedarethesedictionaries(11)复合不定代词作主语,谓语动词要用单数，如someone,somebody,something,anybody,anyone,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone,nothing。Eg:Someoneisaskingforyou.有人找你。Nothingisfoundintheroom.在屋子里什么也没找到(二)内容一致原则:1.主语中有all,half,most,therest等,以及”分数或百分数percent+名词”做主语时,谓语动词单复数取决于连用的名词.Eg:Therestofthebikesareonsaletoday.剩下的自行车，今天出售。60%(60percent)oftheapplewaseatenbylittleboy.这个苹果的60%都被这个小男孩吃了。20percentoftheworkersinthefactoryarewomen.工厂里百分之20的工人是女人。Onethirdofthestudentsinourclass____are___girls.Mostoftheappleswererotten.大部分的苹果都是烂的。Mostoftheapplewaseatenbyarat.这个苹果的大部分被老鼠吃了。2.不定数量的词组,如:partof,alotof,lotsof,oneof,anumberof,plentyof等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于量词后面名词的数.如:Eg:Apartofthetextbookshavearrived.一小部分教科书已运到。Apartoftheapplehasbeeneatenupbytherat.这个苹果的一部分被猪吃光了。3.主语是疑问代词who,what,which,不定代词其谓语视它们所代指的名词而定。Eg:1.)Whichismorevaluable,healthorwealth?2.)Whichareprettier,theseorthose?4.加减乘除用单数.如:minus,plus,multiply,divideEg:Fifteenminusfiveisten.15减去5等于10。5.表示时间,金钱,距离,度量等的名词做主语时,尽管是复数形式,它们作为一个单一的概念时,其谓语动词用单数.如:Eg:Sixtyyearsisalongtime.3Tendollarsisenoughforhim.Threethousandmilesisalongdistance.Fiftykilogramsisnottoolongtobecarried.(三)意义一致原则(1)通常作复数的集体名词.包括police,people,cattle等,这些集体名词通常用作复数.如:Eg:TheBritishpolicehaveonlyverylimitedpowers.Thepolicearesearchingforathief.Thecattleareeatinggrassonthehill.(2)通常作不可数名词的集体名词.包括equipment,furniture,clothing,luggage等.(3)集合名词作主语,动词可用单数,也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时,动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有public,family,class,crowd,population,team,group。Eg:Thegroup_is___madeupofthreestudents./Thegroup___are_dancinghappily./Eg:Theteam____somegoodplayers.(have)/Theteam____handsome.(be)/Eg:Zhang’sfamily____ratherbig,withtwelvepeopleinall./Hisfamilyallmusiclovers./Yourclassjustbehindourclass./Thewholeclassfondofmusic./Eg:ThepopulationofChina_______farlargerthanthatofJapan./EightypercentofthepopulationinChina________farmers./(4)单复数同形的词如sheep,deer,Chinese,Japanese,means(方法,手段),works(著作,工厂)作主语,谓语动词应根据上下文取决单复数.1.Everymeans______beentriedtosolvetheproblem.Allmeans_______beentriedtosolvetheproblem.(5)the+形容词”做主语时，表示一类人或物时，谓语动词为复数；表示具体一个个体时，谓语动词为单数。Eg：1)Theyoungarebetteratlearningnewthings.、/Theinjuredweresavedafterthefire.2)Theyoungismyuncle.注意：the+adj.表示一类抽象概念时，谓语也单数Eg：Thenewissuretoreplacetheold.(四)就近原则1.由here,there,where等引导的倒装句中,(有时主语不止一个时)谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致.如:2.用连词or,either....or,neither….nor,notonly….butalso等连接的并列主语,谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致。Eg：NeithermywifenorImyself____abletopersuademydaughtertochangehermind．NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandM