论英语中的性别歧视

景德镇陶瓷学院科技艺术学院本科生毕业论文（设计）题目：SexisminEnglishVocabulary学号：姓名：院（系）：专业：完成时间：指导老师：CONTENTSAcknowledgements…………………………………………..AbstractinChinese…………………………………….AbstractinEnglish…………………………………….1.Definition………………………………………………2.Sexisminword-formationmethods………………..2.1Suffixes………………………………………….2.2Sexismincompoundwords……………………..3.SxisminNamingandAddressing…………………..3.1SexismandNaming……………………………….3.1.1Sexisminthefirstnames………………..3.1.1.1DerivationofFemaleNamesfromMaleNames……..3.1.1.2SexisminSemanticNamingofFirstNames……….3.1.2Sexisminthefamilynames……………3.1.2.1PatrilinealSystemofFamilyNames3.1.2.2ChangeofFemaleFamilyNamesuponmarriage3.2SexismandAddressing……….3.2.1SexisminAddressingTerms…..3.2.1.1FemaleSocialTitlesuponRelationshipwithMale…3.2.1.2DerogationofFemaleHonorificTitles…………….3.2.1.3AbusiveAddressingPatterns………………..4.SexisminProverbandSlang……………………………..4.1SexisminProverb……………………………………………4.2SexisminSlang………………………………………5.Conclusion……………………………………………………..6.Bibliography……………………………………………………ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSMydeepestgratitudegoesfirstandforemosttoProfessorHouXiaohua,mysupervisor,forherconstantandinspiringguidanceandencouragement.Shehaswalkedmethroughallthestagesofwritingofthethesis.Withoutherconstantandilluminatinginstruction,thisthesiscouldnothavereacheditspresentform.Second,iwouldliketoexpreemyheartfeltgratitudetoalltheteacherswhotaughtmewhenihavestrivingformyBachelorDegreefortheirexcellentlecturesandinspiringideas.Last,mythankswouldgotomybelovedfamilyfortheirlovingconsiderationsandgreatconfidenceinmeallthroughtheseyears.Ialsoowemysinceregratitudetomyfriendsandmyfellowclassmateswhogavemetheirhelpandtimeinlisteningtomeandhelpingmeworkoutmyproblemsduringthedifficultcourseofthethesis摘要英语不仅是一种语言工具，也是一种意识形态工具。性别歧视这一文化观念反映在语言的词汇学中。牛津高级字典是这样解释的：“不平等的对待人，尤其是对女性，因为她们的性别”。本篇论文将从英语词汇构词法、词义、称谓语及谚语和俚语分析英语词汇中的性别歧视。所以对性别歧视了解的越多，避免的困难也就越多。这是很有实际意义的。关键词：语言；英语词汇；性别歧视ABSTRACTEnglishisnotonlyalanguagetool,butalsoanideologicaltool.Vocabularyofthelanguagecanfaithfullyreflectthecultureitservessuchassexism.Theoxfordadvancedlearner'sdictionaryexplainsitasbelow:theunfairtreatmentofpeople,especiallywomen,becauseoftheirsex.ThisarticlewilldiscusssexismthatexistsinEnglishlexiconintermsofwordformation,wordmeaning,namingandaddressingterms,aswellasproverbandslangterms.Sothemoreyouknowit,thebetteryouwillavoidtrouble.Therefore,thepresentresearchhasimportantpracticalsignificances.Keywords：language；Englishword;sexism;1.DefinitionSexism，accordingtoOxfordAdvancedLearner’sEnglish-ChineseDictionaryisdefinedasprejudiceordiscriminationagainstpeople(esp.woman)becauseoftheirsex;andaccordingtoLongmanDictionaryofComtenporaryEnglish,sexismisdefinedasideasandbelievethatmenbersofone(usuallyman)sexaremoreableandcleverthantheodeoftheothersex.Itismanifestinallformsofbehaviorfromsubtlegesturesandespeciallylanguagetoexploitationandoppression，andinallhumaninstitutionsfromthefamilytothemultinationalcorporation(PaulaS．Rothenberg1988：21)．Itaffirmsthedominanceofmenoverwomen，jnstasRosemaryRadfordRuether(1993：165)holdsthat“sexismisgenderprivilegeofmalesoverfemales．Itismalesprimarilywhohaveoriginatedthisformofoppression，benefitedfromit，andperpetuatedit，legallyandideologically．”Inthissense，itkeepswomeninsecond．classstatus，deniesthemtheirrightstocontroltheirownbodies，anddeniespersonal，mental，andphysicalsafety；itreinforcesthefalsenotionthatanymanwhoisgentle，flexible，compassionateorgaybecomes“feminine”andtherebylosesstatusandrespect．2.SexisminwordformationWordformationisoneoftheelementsinlanguagefromwhichwecanfindmanyexamplesofsexism.Themostobviousoneistheword“history”,whichitcombineswords“his”and“story”.Itclaimedthatthehistorybelongedtomannotthewoman.Ingeneral,itisdividedintotwocategories,addingsuffixesandcompounding.2.1AddingsuffixesAdding-tressiscommonamongwordslike,actress,authoress,sculptressandwaitress.Althoughitsometimesawardedsomeoutlandingachievementsofwomen,theimportanceofitsroleisn’tthesameasman.Forinstance,weusuallycallamanofageneralmanager,ratherthanageneralmanageress.ThehighestrankofpoetinBritishisPoetLaureate,whichitawardtoeverydistinguishedpoetincludingbothmalesandfemales.Howerever,rarlyhaditprobablyhonoredapoetofPoetessLaureate.Wordlikehostessiswidelyacceptedbypeopleinbar,whichitsmeaninghadbeendegraded.ThesameasinthetermsofJewess\NegrssandQuakeressThesuffixof-etteincludesthreemeanings.Thefirstoneaimsatsmallsize,suchas“cigarette(香烟)”and“kitchenette(小厨房）”.Thesecondlevelisartifical,suchas“Leatherette(人造皮）”.Thethirdlevelderivesfromthelasttwomeaningswhichdisclosestheoweaknessofwomanandsubordinatestoman.Asaresult,itdiscininatesagainstwomanobviously.Womanareunfairlytreated.Duingtheturnof19centuryand20century,“Suffragette”wasfrequentlyusedbywomenwhowantedtostriverightsforwomen.However,thepublicandmediauseditwithderogation.Wordslikeaviatrix(女飞行员），executrix(女执行官）anddominatrix(母夜叉)addedthesuffixof-trix,whichallpresentaninsularprejudicetowardswomen.Womenaresoweakandfragilethattheyneedobeytomen.2.2SexismincompoundwordsInadditiontosexdiscriminationinsuffixes,compoundingisagoodexampletoo.Ta