词性与词形变化.

词性与词形变化—昂立智立方中学生VIP金桥中心2014年04月18日词性的分类词类又叫词性，英语单词根据其在句子中的功用，可以分成10个大类。1名词nounn.student学生2代词pronounpron.you你3形容词adjectiveadj.happy高兴的4副词adverbadv.quickly迅速地5动词verbv.cut砍、割6数词numeralnum.three三7冠词articleart.a一个8介词prepositionprep.at在...9连词conjunctionconj.and和10感叹词interjectioninterj.oh哦前六类叫实词，后四类叫虚词。名词(表示人或物名称的词)名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词。专有名词：Beijing，China，theUnitedStates普通名词：book，water（可数名词和不可数名词）普通名词又可分为下面四类：1）个体名词：gun2）集体名词：family(以上两类属于可数名词)3）物质名词：air4）抽象名词：work(以上两类属于不可数名词)代词可以分为下列九类：1.人称代词：Theyaremyschoolmates.2.物主代词：Ourfriendshavegreatconcernforeachother.3.反身代词：Takegoodcareofyourselves.4.相互代词：Weshouldhelpeachother.5.指示代词：Whoarethesepeople?6.疑问代词：Whatareyoudoing?7.不定代词：Doyouknowanythingaboutit?8.连接代词：Doyouknowwhodidit?9.关系代词：ShemarriedTony,whoisastudenttoo.代词(代替名词的词)形容词(修饰名词等，说明事物或人的性质或特征的词)形容词可分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类。1)性质形容词：hot，good，wonderful直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。2)叙述形容词：afraid，alone，asleep只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。形容词1.Ihavearedapple.2.Thetallboythereismybrother.3.MissChenisverykindinclass.4.Thathungrymanatemuchfood.5.ThatyoungladycomesfromtheUSA.副词(主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或整个句子)说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。时间副词:soon,then,today,tomorrow,afterwards,now地点副词:here,there程度副词:very,quite,rather方式副词:beautifully,reluctantly,well频度副词:often,frequently,always动词动词就是表示动作或者是状态的词。动词可分为行为动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词四类。1.Wehavelunchat12.我们12点吃午饭。(have是行为动词)2.WehavebeentoNewYork.我们去过纽约。(have是助动词)3.Iamhungry.我饿了。(am是连系动词)4.Shewasbeatenonthewayhome.(was是助动词)5.Youneedn’thavewaitedforme.你本来不必等我。(need是情态动词)6.Thedoorneedspainting.这个门需要油漆了。(needs及物动词)数词数词分为基数词和序数词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词；表示顺序的数词叫序数词。一、基数词基数词写法和读法二、序数词序数词的缩写形式：first—1stsecond—2ndthirty-first—31st三、数词的用法1）倍数表示法2）分数表示法冠词冠词分为三类：定冠词:the不定冠词:a/an零冠词:/介词按意义英语介词可分为：1.时间介词：at,on,in,during,over,from,for,until2.地点介词：at,on,in,across,to,over,between,inside3.其它介词：by,with,about,except,insteadof,dueto英语介词不可单独使用，后面必须跟名词，动名词或句子构成介宾结构等。连词不能独立担任句子成分，只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。1.并列连词：and，but,or,nor,so,aswellas,both…and,notonly…butalso,either…or,neither…nor,(and)then2.从属连词：when,where,because,if,as词形转换•形容词变副词•动词变名词•动词变形容词•名词变形容词形容词变副词1.一般情况下直接加-lyquick---quicklyreal---reallyhelpful---helpfully2.以y结尾的,先将y改成i,再加-lyhappy---happilybusy---busily3.某些以辅音字母加不发音的字母e结尾和以-ue结尾的形容词要先去掉e，然后再加-y或-ly。true---trulyterrible---terribly。绝大多数以e结尾的形容词仍然直接加-ly。polite---politely,wide---widely形容词变副词4.以ll结尾的词只加-yfull---fully5.以ic结尾的词加-allyautomatic---automatically6.副词还可以由形容词加前缀a-得来,loud(adj.)---aloud(adv.)7.部分名词加后缀也可变成副词，part---partlye.g.：Itispartlyherfault.有部分是她的错。注意：friendly；lovely；lively；lonely等词是形容词而非副词动词变名词1.在词尾加-er,-r,双写加-er或-or:A.play—player,sing—singerB.write—writer,drive—driverC.run—runner,travel—travellerD.visit—visitor,invent—inventor2.在词尾加-ing:build—building,begin—beginningswim—swimming,skate—skatingmean—meaning,cross—crossing3.在词尾加-ion或去e加-ion:A.describe—descriptionproduce—productionpollute—pollutioncelebrate—celebrationeducate—educationgraduate—graduationB.instruct—instructioninvent—inventionattract—attractionsuggest—suggestion动词变名词4.在词尾加-ment结尾argue---argumentadvertise---advertisementgovern—governmentamuse—amusement动词变名词5.其他know—knowledgeplease—pleasurepractise—practicedie—deathsucceed—successweigh—weighttour—touristproduct—produceenter—entrancefly—flightdiscover—discoveryfail—failurebehave—behaviorenjoy—joymix—mixturearrive—arrival动词变名词Quiz:wait—dance—win—feel—say—decide—organize—invite—discuss—agree—develop—waiterdancerwinnerfeelingsayingdecisionorganizationinvitationdiscussionagreementdevelopment动词变形容词1.词尾加-ful:thank–thankfulforget–forgetfulwonder–wonderful2.词尾变y为-i,加-ed:worry–worriedsatisfy–satisfied3.词尾加-able:enjoy-enjoyablesuit–suitablecomfort-comfortable动词变形容词5.词尾加-ing:interest–interestingsurprise–surprisingexcite–excitingdevelop–developingfrighten–frighteningrelax–relaxing4.词尾加-d或e-d:please–pleasedexcite–excitedsurprise–surprisedfrighten–frightenedrelax–relaxedinterest–interested动词变形容词6.词尾加-ive：attract-attractiveact-active7.其它：lose–lostfool-foolishtaste–tastyeducate-educationalbreak-brokenspeak-spokenwake–awakedie-deadwiden–wideenable–ablesleep-sleepy/sleeping/asleep动词变形容词Quiz:pollute–crowd–develop–succeed–fry–interest-enjoy–die–pollutedcrowdeddeveloped/developingsuccessfulfriedinterested/interestingenjoyabledead名词变形容词1.名词加-y构成形容词。rain→rainywind→windysun→sunnyluck→luckynoise→noisyhealth→healthy2.名词加-ly构成形容词。friend→friendlylove→lovelyfather→fatherly(父亲般的）brother→brotherly(兄弟般的)名词变形容词3.名词加-ful构成形容词，表示肯定。use→useful（有用的，有益的）help→helpful（有帮助的，有益的）harm→harmful（有害的）care→careful（小心的，仔细的）4.名词加-less构成形容词，表示否定。use→useless（无用的）help→helpless（无能的，无用的）harm→harmless（无害的）care→careless（粗心的）名词变形容词5.在某些名词后加-ous构成形容词danger→dangerousfame→famous6.名词加-en构成形容词wool→woolenwood→woodengold→golden7.名词+-ablecomfort---comfortableknowledge---knowledgeable8.ce变tconfidence----confidentdifference---differentimportance—important名词变形容词Quiz:health→friend→harm→fame→wool→woolenknowledge→confidence→healthyfriendlyharmfulfamouswoolenknowledgeableconfidentThanksforyourattention!