译者的任务TheTaskoftheTranslator.

TheTaskoftheTranslatorMadebyKykyandCanney(张琦和吴樱)Contents•1.Introduction•1.1Theauthor•1.2Aboutthebook•2.SpecificsKyky•2.1Translatability•2.2Kinship•2.3PureLanguage•2.4Thetask•2.5Translationprinciples•2.6SomeproblemsCanney•3.Conclusion1.Introduction•Abouttheauthor•瓦尔特·本雅明(WalterBenjamin,1892-1940)德国人，思想家、哲学家和马克思主义文学批评家，是20世纪初最具创造性和最富争议的批评家之一，出版有《发达资本主义时代的抒情诗人》和《单向街》等作品。•有人称之为“欧洲最后一位文人”。在颇具传奇色彩的一生中，他涉足了多个领域的研究，他独树一帜的理论思想对后现代主义、解构主义、接受美学等学派影响深远。••Aboutthebook•1923年，本雅明为其翻译的法国诗人波德莱尔(CharlesBoudelaire,1821-1867)的诗集《巴黎画景》（TableauParisiens）写了一篇导言。这篇导言就是后来被译学界视为翻译研究圣经的《译者的任务》(TheTaskoftheTranslator)此文虽是最具影响力的翻译理论之一。••本雅明借翻译之名,讨论的是他一直关注的“纯语言”问题。而本雅明赋予译者的任务,是通过翻译找到两种语言的亲缘关系,弥合纯语言的碎片,重新找回失落的上帝语言。•Considerationofthereceiverneverprovesfruitful.Artpositsman’sphysicalandspiritualexistence.•Nopoemisintendedforthereader,nopictureforthebeholder,nosymphonyforlistener.•Isatranslationmeantforreaderswhodonotunderstandtheoriginal?•Itsessentialqualityisnotstatementortheimpartingofinformation.•Badtranslation•1.intendstoperformatransmittingfunction,cannottransmitanythingbutinformation—hence,somethinginessential.•2.unfathomable,themysterious,the“poetic”,onlyifheisalsoapoet.•IfatranslationundertakestoservethereaderTranslationisamode—translatability•Tocomprehenditasmodeonemustgobacktotheoriginal,forthatcontainsthelawgoverningthetranslation:itstranslatability.•Dualmeaning•1.在所有的读者当中，是否有完全合格的译者？(Contingently)•2.这个作品本身是否需要翻译，也即，从这种方式意义看，需要翻译？(Apodictically，不容置疑)•Thetranslatabilityoflinguisticcreationsoughttobeconsideredevenifmenshouldproveunabletotranslatethem.•Translatabilitylifetranslatability•Translatability–anessentialqualityofcertainworks.whichisnottosaythatitisessentialthattheybetranslated;itmeansratherthataspecificsignificanceinherentintheoriginalmanifestsitselfinitstranslatability.•Byvirtueoftranslatabilityitsoriginaliscloselyconnectedwiththetranslation.Atranslationissuesfromtheoriginal—notsomuchfromitslifeasfromitsafterlife(来世).Translationsmarktheirageofcontinuedlife.•Theconceptoflifeisgivenonlyifeverythingthathasahistoryofitsown,andnotmerelythesettingforhistory.•Therangeoflifemustbedeterminedbyhistoryratherthanbynature,leastofallbysuchtenuous(贫乏)factorsassensation)•andsoul.Thephilosopher’staskconsistsincomprehendingallofnaturallifethroughthemoreencompassinglifeofhistory.•Thehistoryofthegreatworksofarttellsusabouttheirantecedents,theirrealizationintheageoftheartists,theirpotentiallyeternalafterlifeinsucceedinggenerations.•如果一部译作不仅仅是传递题材内容，那么它的面世标志着一部作品进入了它生命延续的享誉阶段。与拙劣译者的看法相反，这样的翻译不是服务于原作。而原作的生命之花在其译作中得到了最新的也是最繁盛的开放，这种不断的更新使原作青春常驻。Kinship(亲缘性；亲族关系)(P17)•Purposefulmanifestationsoflife—havetheirendnotinlife,butintheexpressionofitsnature,intherepresentationofitssignificance.•Translationthusultimatelyservesthepurposeofexpressingthecentralreciprocalrelationshipbetweenlanguages.•Asforthepositedcentralkinshipoflanguages,itismarkedbyadistinctiveconvergence.Languagesarenotstrangerstooneanother,butare,aprioriandapartfromallhistoricalrelationships,interrelatedinwhattheywanttoexpress.•traditionaltheoryoftranslationX•imagetheory(imageofreality,likenessoforiginal)x•Translation(afterlife):transformation,renewal,originalundergochanges√•Kinship(notaccomplishthroughalikeness)PureLanguage•任何超历史的语言间的亲缘性都产生于每一种语言各自的整体性意图（totalityofintentions）。不过这种意图并不是任何语言单独能够实现，而是实现于所有这些意图的互补的总体之中。这个总体不妨叫做纯语言。••Withoutdistinguishingtheintendedobject(意向性对象)fromthemodeofintention(意向性样式),nofirmgraspofthisbasiclawofaphilosophyoflanguagecanbeachieved.•E.G.:Brot（德文，意为“面包”）和pain（法文“面包”）“意指”着同一个对象，但它们的意向性样式却不同。(P18)••complementary•各种语言（碎片）之间有一种内在的亲缘关系，这种内在的亲缘性是以一种特殊的趋同性为标志的，但这种趋同性却并非相似性或可代替性，而是一种互补性。•同一事物，在作为整体的每一种语言中被意指，但此事物又无法被任何单一的语言所企及，而要通过所有相互补充的语言意图之总体性，方可到达。这个由各种相互补充的语言意图所构成的总体，就是纯语言(purelanguage)。•语言的“终极本质”(ultimateessence)；各种语言通过各自意义的形式互补、交融达到和谐(harmonyofthelanguages)，使各种语言相互融合臻至完满。•Translation:provisionalwayofcomingtotermswiththeforeignness(外来性)oflanguages.•翻译同艺术作品不同，它无法宣称其作品的永恒性。•likeafruitanditskin,thelanguageofthetranslationenvelopsitscontentlikearoyalrobewithamplefolds.Thetask•Findingthatintendedeffect(intention)echo•用不同的表意方式表达同一个意指•symbolized•symbolizingsymbolizing•(dog)(狗)•Ultimategoal:truelanguagepurelanguage•Rleaseinhisownlanguagethatpurelanguagewhichisunderthespellofanother,toliberatethelangugeimprisonedinaworkinhidre-creationofthatwork.(P22)Translationprinciples•Fidelity•Faithfulreproduction:vocabulariesandsyntax.•Freedom•unrestrainedlicenseThelanguageoforiginalandtranlationfragments:notthesameorsimilar,butcomplementary.vessel(purelanguage)•Therelationshipbetwwentranslationandoriginal•Tangenttouchesacirclelightlyandatbutonepoint忠实与自由在翻译中的体现•例如:•①Shehasbeenawidowonlysixmonths.•原译:他成为寡妇只有六个月!•改译:她的丈夫死了至今不过半年!•②IwillmakemyselfunderstoodinEnglish.•原译:我使自己的英语被人听懂!•改译:我使别人听懂我用英语说的话!SomeproblemsofZohn'stranslation•1)•gewisseRelationsbegriffeihrenguten,javielleichtbestenSinnbehalten,wennsienichtvonvornehereinausschliesslichaufdenMenschenbezogenwarden.(p.23)（他们并不是仅仅用来指人）•certaincorrelativeconceptsretaintheirmeaning,andpossiblytheirforemostsignificance,iftheyare(no