简单句、并列句和复合句(包括五大句型)

二、简单句、并列句和复合句(一)句子种类两种分类法1、按句子的用途可分四种:1)陈述句(肯定、否定):Heissixyearsold;Shedidn'thearofyoubefore.2)疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意):Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Ishesixorsevenyearsold?Marycanswim,can'tshe?3)祈使句:Becareful,boys;Don'ttalkinclass4)感叹句:Howclevertheboyis!2、按句子的结构可分三种:1)简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。e.g.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.TomandMikeareAmericanboys.Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.2)并列句:由并列连词(and,but,or等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。e.g.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。3)复合句:含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含:名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等。e.g.TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.(二)简单句的五种基本句型1、主语+系动词+表语:e.g.Heisastudent.2、主语+不及物动词:e.g.Wework.3、主语+及物动词+宾语:e.g.Henryboughtadictionary.4、主语+及物动词+双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语):e.g.Myfatherboughtmeacar.5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语(宾语+宾补):e.g.Tommadethebabylaugh.注:其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。(三)并列句的分类1、表示连接两个同等概念,常用and,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…,then等连接。e.g.Theteacher'snameisSmith,andthestudent'snameisJohn.2、表示选择,常用的连词有or,either…or…,otherwise等。e.g.Hurryup,oryou'llmissthetrain.3、表示转折,常用的连词有but,still,however,yet,while,when等。e.g.Hewasalittlemanwiththickglasses,buthehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting.4、表示因果关系,常用的连词有so,for,therefore等。e.g.Augustisthetimeoftheyearforriveharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.(四)高考考点探讨1、简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型。虽然近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不多,但是在阅读中有时需借助于划分句子成分去理解,在书面表达中,没有最基本的遣词造句的能力是不可能用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的。2、祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句是高考命题的热点之一。有时把祈使句与反意疑问句结合于一体来考查。一个题目,几个考点,是近几年命题的发展趋势。3、高考对简单句、并列句和各种复合句的考查常表现在对连词的选择和使用上。如:and,but,or,while,以及其它连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词。4、各种主从复合句的考查常常与动词的时态联系在一起,以宾语从句与状语从句最为明显,时间从句与条件从句中,如果主句是将来时,从句则用一般式表将来,这一点在高考中经常考查。如:Wewillgooutingifitdoesn'traintomorrow。练习二、简单句、并列句和复合句一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句:1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.3.Thereisachairinthisroom,isn'tthere?4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.5.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.6.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.7.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.8.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,isn'tit?9.Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.10.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.二、判断下列短文中各句是简单句、并列句还是复合句:Ihopeyouareverywell().I'mfine,buttired().RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm().Augustisthehottestmonthhere().Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.()Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors().WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat().Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm().Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim().Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest().Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden().Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere().Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden().Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell().Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden().MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime().Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy().Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside().It'sgreat()!Americanseatalotofmeat-toomuchinmyopinion().Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer().Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty().InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates().TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates().InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime().HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina()?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep().Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents().三、选择填空:1.Givemeonemoreminute____I'llbeabletofinishit.A.andB.orC.ifD.so2.It'sthethirdtimethatJohnhasbeenlate,____?A.hasn'theB.isn'theC.isn'titD.hasn'tit3.____joyfulhewastomeethisbrotheragain!A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.Whatan4.Letuspass,____?A.shan'tweB.shallweC.won'tweD.willyou5.Isupposehe'sserious,____?A.doIB.don'tIC.isheD.isn'the6.Youhadbetternotsmokehere,____?A.willyouB.hadyouC.shallyouD.haveyou7.Trainashardasyoucan____you'llwintheswimmingcompetition.A.thenB.butC.andD.or8.I'msorrytohavetosaythis,____youforgottoturnoffthelightswhenyoulefttheroomlastnight.A.andB.butC.soD.because9.Johnhasnotyetpassedthedrivingtest,and____.A.Henryhasn'ttooB.HenryalsohasnoteitherC.neitherHenryhasD.neitherhasHenry10.Therearemanysportsloversinhisoffice.Someloveclimbing,____othersenjoyswimming.A.orB.forC.whileD.so11.----Doyoufeellikegoingout____wouldyouratherhavedinnerathome?----I'dliketogoout.A.orB.andC.butD.so12.----____isthetemperaturetoday?----It's38degrees.A.WhichB.HowC.HowhotD.Howhigh13.----Youruncleisn'tanengineer,ishe?----____.A.Yes,heisn'tB.No,heisn'tC.No,heisD.Heis14.____friendly____toeveryone!A.How,issheB.What,issheC.How,sheisD.What,sheis15.Marywenttobedearly,____shefeltverytired.A.orB.soC.forD.yet16.Mother____adresswhenshecutherfinger.A.wasmakingB.makesC.ismakingD.made17.Helayinbed____readsomethingborrowedfromlibrary.A.butB.andC.orD.yet18.----I'dreallylikesomelunchbutIhavesomuchworktodo.----____whatyouwantandIcangetitforyou.A.TellmeB.IfyouwouldsaytomeC.YouwilltellmeD.Ifyoutellme19.Asheisstrong,____canliftonehundredpounds.A.yetheB.butheC.andD.he20.----Ithoughtyouhadanumb