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英语词根词缀记单词(九)常用表示抽象名词后缀-age,-ence,-ance/-ancy,-ship,-ure,-ity1.-age名词反缀(1)表示“状态,总称”tonnagen吨位(ton一吨)mileagen英里数(mile英里)percentagen百分比(percent百分之几)foliagen树叶(foli树叶;参考:portfolio文件夹)visagen面貌(vis看;参考:vision视力)advantagen利益(ad+vant来到+age)verbiagen冗词,赘语(verb词语)dotagen老年昏愦(dot打盹+age)pilgrimagen朝圣(pilgrim朝香客)marriagen结婚(marry结婚)pillagen掠夺(pill来自中世纪法语piller,意为“掠夺”)drainagen排水(drain排干)patronagen赞助,惠客(patron赞助人)(2)表示“场所,物品”anchoragen停泊地(anchor铁猫)villagen村庄(villa茅房,别墅)hermitagen隐居处(hermit隐)士appendagen附属物(append附属)heritagen遗产(herit继承)beveragen饮料(bever饮,喝+age)qreckagen残骸,碎片(wreck残骸,破坏)(3)表示“费用”postagen邮费(post邮局)railagen铁路运费(rail铁路)towagen拖(车、船)费(tow拖)wateragen水运费(water水)2.-ence(1)-ence表名词,“性质,状态”insistencen坚持(insist坚持)confluencen汇流(con共同+flu流+ence)truculencen凶猛(trucul凶猛+ence)reverencen尊敬(revere尊敬)negligencen疏忽,粗心(neg不+lig选择+ence…不加选择…粗心)dependencen依靠(depend依靠)despondencen泄气(de不+spend诺言+ence…不照诺言去做…泄气)innocencen无罪,天真(in无+noc伤害+ence…无罪)(2).-ency,-iency表名词,ence的变体deficiencyn缺点(de不+fic做…做得不够…缺陷)solvencyn溶解力;还债能力(solve溶解)latrncyn潜伏(期)(latent潜伏的)stridencyn尖锐,刺耳(strident刺耳的)complacencyn自满,自得(com前缀,加强语气+plac取悦…被取悦…自满)emergencyn紧急情况(emerge出现…出现的紧急情况)efficiencyn效率(ef出+fic做…做出事情…有效率)persistencyn坚持(persist坚持)3.-ance/-ancy(1)-ance表名词,“性质,状况”disturbancen扰乱(disturb干扰)vengeancen复仇(venge仇恨,报仇)reliancen信赖(rely依靠)resemblancen相像(rely相像)perseverancen坚持不懈(persevere坚持)forbearancen自制,忍耐(forbear忍受)vigilancen警惕(vigil醒着的+ance)appearancen出现;外表(appear出现)(2).-ancy=ance,表示”性质,状况”ascendancyn统治力量(ascend登高)redundancyn过剩,多余(red再+un波浪+ancy…波浪再回…多余)vacanycn空白,空缺(vac空+ancy)pregnancyn怀孕(pregn余+ancy…拿住孩子…怀孕)buoyancyn浮力(buoy浮标,浮起)compliancyn依从,服从(comply服从)elegancyn优美,高雅(elegant高雅)4.-ship(1)表示某种关系或状态friendshipn友谊(friend朋友)hardshipn苦难(hard艰难的)dictatorshipn独裁专政(dictator独裁者)psrtnershipn合伙关系(partner合伙人)relationshipn(亲属)关系(relation关系)citizenshipn公民身份(citizen公民)membershipn成员资格(member成员)(2)表示某种技能airmanshipn飞行技术(airman飞行员)salesmanshipn推销术(salesman推销员)horsemanshipn骑马术(horseman骑手)5.-ure表名词,通常在单词或词根以t结尾时使用表示“一般状态,行为”…ature“,“iture”miniaturen小画像,缩影(mini小)legislaturen立法机关(legis法律+lat带来+ure)fracturen骨折;断裂(fract断)conjecturen推测(con共同+ject扔…一起猜)expendituren支出(expend花费)divestituren剥夺(divest剥夺)horticulturen园艺学(horti,来自hortense法国一喜欢花的女子+cult+ure)denturen假牙(dent牙齿)scripturen经典著作(script写,文学)torturen酷刑,折磨(tort扭曲)signaturen签名(sign签字)mixturen混合物(mix混合)注:-ture在s结尾的词根后变成-sure,如:censuren责难(cens评判+ure)closuren关闭(close关闭)enclosuren围占,包围(en进入+close关闭)composuren镇定,沉着(com共同+pos放…精神放到一起)fissuren裂缝(fiss分裂+ure)表名词,用在形容词后,把形容词变成名词specialtyn特长(special特别)safetyn安全(safe安全)entiretyn整体(entire完整)certaintyn肯定(certain肯定的)crueltyn残酷(cruel残酷的)noveltyn新奇(novel新的)frailtyn脆弱(frail脆弱的)6.-ity表名词,指具备某种性质probityn刚直(prob直、)mendacityn虚假(mendac说荒)duplicityn欺骗;口是心非(du二个+plic重叠…口和心不一致)rigidityn固执;僵化(rigid僵硬的)absurdityn荒谬(absurd荒谬的)genialityn和蔼(genial和蔼的)equanimityn镇定,沉着(equ平等+anim生命)infirmityn虚弱(in不+firm坚定)sanityn神志清楚(sane神志清楚的)affinityn密切关系(af+fin边界,尽头…边界相接…关系密切)complexityn复杂性(com全部+plex重叠)familiarityn熟悉(familiar熟悉的)equalityn平等(equal平等的)
本文标题:表示抽象名词的后缀(九)
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