名词变复数的规则及习题

1名词变复数一．名词变复数规则变化及发音：1、绝大多数的可数名词在词尾加上s；eg：book→books；desk→desks；pen→pens；car→carss遇t读浊辅音[ts]，遇d读清辅音[dz]eg：friend→friends;cat→cats;2.、以s、x、ch、sh结尾的单词，在该词末尾加上-es；读音规则：读[iz]；eg：bus→buses;box→boxes;watch→watchches;dish→dishes3、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，要把y变为i，再加-es；读音规则：读[z]。eg：fly→flies;baby→babies;元音字母加y结尾的单词直接加s；eg：toy→toys；boy→boys；4、以-f或-fe结尾的名词，要将-f或-fe变为-v，再加es；读音规则：读[vz]；eg：knife→knives；leaf→leaves；5、以-o结尾的名词，初级阶段只有三个单词要加-es，其余都加-s；读音规则：读[z]。eg：tomato→tomatoes西红柿;potato→potatoes土豆;hero→heroes英雄;Negro—Negroes口诀：“黑人英雄喜欢吃土豆和西红柿”其余eg：zoo→zoos;hippo→hippos；二．名词变复数不规则变化：1.单词内部发生变化：口诀“oo常常变ee，男人女人a变e”eg：foot→feet脚；tooth→teeth牙齿；man→men男人；woman→women女人；2.单复数相同：“羊鱼小鹿无变化，单数复数是一家”eg：sheep→sheep绵羊；fish→fish鱼；deer→deer鹿；3.不规则变化：child→children孩子；mouse→mice老鼠；German→Germans德国人；4“某国人”的复数有三种类型：口诀“中日不变，英法变，其它S加后边”（1）Chinese,Japanese单数复数同形，不需加s；（2）Englishman,Frenchman,Dutchman（荷兰人）复数要把man变为men；（3）其他各国人以–an,-ian收尾的均直接加s。如：Americans,Australians,三.不可数名词：⒈不可数名词概念：不可以数的名词叫做不可数名词。包括物质名词（表示无法分为个体的物质）和抽象名词（表示抽象概念的词）。⒉不可数名词特点：2⑴不可数名词没有复数形式，也不能与a,an及数词连用，常作单数看待。例：waterThere’ssomewaterinthebottle.foodMyfavoritefoodisnoodles.⑵不可数名词如表数量，常和abottleof,aglassof等名词词组连用。如表示复数，只把量词改为复数。例：abottleofpop一瓶汽水,twoglassesoforangejuice两杯桔子汁，threecupsoftea三杯茶，apieceofpaper一张纸⑶有些物质名词有时可数，有时不可数，要根据上下文决定，其意义也有所不同。Aglassismadeofglass.玻璃杯是玻璃制成的。（玻璃杯可数，玻璃不可数。）Iboughtamelonyesterday.Iwanttoeatsomemelon.四．特殊名词的讲解：⑴people作“人们，人民”解时，只有复数形式，谓语动词作复数。作“民族”解时，单复数不同，复数要在词尾加s。Therearefivepeopleinmyfamily.我家有五口人。Therearefifty-sixpeoplesinourcountry.我们国家有56个民族。⑵clothes，pyjamas（睡衣；宽长裤）等属于无单数形式的复数名词，谓语作复数。例：Myfavoriteclothesarepants.Thesepyjamasaretoosmall.⑶pants,shoes,glasses,shorts，scissors等名词，由两部分构成，常以复数形式出现，谓语动词要用复数。要表示单数常用apairof表示，此时如作主语，谓语要作单数看待。例：Yourpantsareblue.Thispairofpantsismine.⑷集体名词看作整体时，谓语用单数;指成员时，谓语用复数。Hisfamilyisalargefamily.Hisfamilylikeanimals.指整体指成员⑸有的名词单复数意思不同：例：hair和fruit通常作单数，表示总体。Myhairisblack.我的头发是黑色的。Ilikefruit.It’sgoodforyou.我喜欢水果,水果对你的身体有好处。但如果表示若干根头发或各种水果，则需用复数形式.Dannyhasthreehairs.丹尼有三根头发。Shelikespears,peachesandotherfruits.他喜欢梨，桃和其它水果。3练习：Ⅰ.写出下列单词的复数形式：fish-boy-watch-knife-leaf-wife-baby-family-man-woman-child-tooth-goose-mouse-sheep-peach-picture-Chinese-he-his-I-this-is-it-that-she-you-me-him-her-my-mine-am-tomato-potato-zoo-foot-toy-Ⅱ.将下列句子改为复数句子:1.Heisastudent.____________________________2.It’sabox.__________________________________3.Thispictureisnice.____________________________________4.Sheisateacher._______________________________5.I’magoodchild.___________________________________6.That’sadeliciousmeal._________________________________7.Thisismyfriend.___________________________________8.Thisisabike.___________________________________9.Thatisherbrother.___________________________________10.Thisisabook.___________________________________11.Thatisaneraser.___________________________________12.Itisaredorange.___________________________________13.Heisadoctor.___________________________________14.What’sthis?___________________________________15.Thisismymother.___________________________________16.HeisaChineseboy.___________________________________17.Whoisshe?___________________________________________18.Isthisapen?____________________________________________19.Arethoseyoursisters?___________________________________20.Isthatyourfriend?_____________________________________Ⅲ.将下列句子改为单数句子：1.Thesearetheirgrandparents.________________________________________2.Who’retheboys?They’remystudents.__________________________________43.Whatarethey?_____________________________________4.Weareboys._______________________________5.Whatarethese?Theyarebuses.________________________________6.Thoseareflowers._____________________________________7.Whoarethey?____________________________________