段落翻译练习-汉译英.

汉译英：1徐霞客一生周游考察了十六个省，足迹几乎遍及全国。他在考察的过程中，从来不盲目迷信书本上的结论。他发现前人研究地理的记载有许多很不可靠的地方。为了进行真实细致的考察，他很少乘车坐船，几乎全靠双脚翻山越岭，长途跋涉；为了弄清大自然的真相，他总是挑选道路艰险的山区，人迹稀少的森林进行考察，发现了许多奇山秀景；他常常选择不同的时间和季节，多次重游各地名山，反复观察变换的奇景。XuXiaketouredandinvestigated/inspect/observe16provincesinhislifetime,coveringalmostthewholeofChina/thewholecountry.Whenhewascarryingouthisinvestigations,henevertookblindbelief(blindself-confidenceblindherjudgment.)intheconclusionsinthebooks.Insteadhefoundalotofunreliablepointsinthegeographic[ˌdʒi:ə'ɡræfɪk]recordstakenbyhispredecessors.[ˈpri:dɪsesə(r)]Inordertomakehisinvestigationsreliableandthorough,heseldomtraveledbycarriageorboat.Instead,hetooklong,arduoustripsonfootalmostallthetime,climbingmountainsandhills.Inordertolearnaboutthetruthofnature,healwayschosetoconductinvestigationsinmountainousareaswithdangerousroadsandinlonely/untraveledwoods,wherehediscoveredalotofmagnificentpeaksandbeautifulsights.2可是我却哭了。哭那陌生的、但却疼爱我的卖灶糖(candy)的老汉。后来我常想，他为什么疼爱我呢？无非我是个贪吃的、因为丑陋而又少人疼爱的吧。等我长大以后，总感到除了母亲，再没有谁能够像他那样朴素地疼爱过我——没有任何希求，也没有任何企望的。我常常想念他，也常常想要找到我那个像猪肚子一样的烟荷包。可是，它早已不知被我丢到哪里去了。ButIcriedforthestrangeoldcandypeddlerwhohadbeensofondofme.Lateron,Iwonderedwhy.FornootherreasonthanthatIwasafoolishlittlethingwholovedcandy,withfewtolovemebecauseofmyplainface.WhenIglowup,Icouldneverforgetthatapartfrommyownmother,noonehadlovedmesofondlyandsodisinterestedly,withnoexpectationswhatever.Ioftenthinkofhimnow,andhavetriedtofindthattobaccopouchthathadlookedlikeapieceofporkliver.ButIdon’tknowwhatbecameofit.3多少年来，我养成了一个习惯：每天早晨四点在黎明以前起床工作。我不出去跑步或散步，而是一下床就干活儿。因此我对黎明前的北京的了解是在屋子里感觉到的。我从前在什么报上读过一篇文章，讲黎明时分天安门广场上的清洁工人。那情景必然是非常动人的，可惜我从未能见到，只是心向往之而已。Formanyyears,Ihavebeeninthehabitofgettingupbeforedaybreaktostartworkatfour.Insteadofgoingoutforajogorwalk,I’llsetaboutmyworkassoonasI’moutofbed.Asaresult,itisfrominsidemystudythatI'vegotthefeelofpredawnBeijing.Yearsago,IhituponanewspaperarticleaboutstreetcleanersinTian’anmenSquareatdaybreak.Itmusthavebeenaverymovingscene,butwhatapityIhaven’tseenitwithmyowneyes.Icanonlypictureitinmymindlongingly.4长沙是一个有3000多年历史的美丽古城。城市的西边是秀美的岳麓山，山下有千年书院“岳麓书院”等众多古迹。市区中心的古城楼天心阁，距今有1000多年的历史。千百年来水质清纯，终年不断的白沙古井也坐落在长沙城中。今天的长沙市民还常常在这里打水饮用。湘江中的橘子洲头，是当年毛泽东先生经常漫步思考的地方，后来还写了一首非常著名的诗来赞美她。Changshaisabeautifulancientcitywithahistoryofover3,000years.WestofthecityisthebeautifulYueluHill,atthefootofthehill,aremanyhistoricsitessuchasYueluAcademy.Inthecenterofthecityistheancientcitygatetower--TianxinTower,whichwasfirstbuilt1000yearsago.AlsolocatedinthecityistheancientBaishaWell,fromwhichclearandpurewaterhasbeengushingoutnonstopthroughouttheyearforthousandsofyears.InhabitantsinChangshatodaystillcomeheretofetchwaterfordrinking.OrangeIslandintheXiangRiverwaswhereMr.MaoZedongoftenrambledandmeditated.Laterhewroteaveryfamouspoeminitspraise.5洞庭湖是中国第二大淡水湖。洞庭湖畔的岳阳楼，是中国三大名楼中唯一保持原址原貌的国家重点保护文物。岳阳楼所处的位置极好，它屹立于岳阳古城之上，背靠岳阳城，俯瞰洞庭湖，遥对君山岛，北依长江，南通湘江。自古以来，就是人们观光旅游的好地方。LakeDongtingisChina’ssecondlargestfreshwaterlake.YueyangTower,whichislocatedonitsshores,isanationalkeyculturalrelicforprotectionastheonlyoneofChina’sfamoustowersthatiskeptinitsoriginalconditionatitsoriginalsite.Thetowerisveryfavorablylocated,standingasitdoesonYueyang’sancientcitywallwiththecitybehindandoverlookingLakeDongtingtothedistantJunshanIsle;toitsnorthistheYangtzeRiverandtothesouththeXiangRiver.Sinceancienttimes,thetowerhasbeenagoodplaceforsightseeingandtouring.(Picture)6正当这位美军飞虎队员一筹莫展眼看只能坐以待毙时，两名中国男孩从杂草丛钻出出现在他的面前，男孩一样个头，都才十二、三岁年纪。他如遇救星，立刻打手势让他们过来。两个男孩稍作迟疑，立即来到了他的身边。在他的指点下，男孩利索地帮他解开了降落伞，并一边一个迅速扶起他往前走。才走不到200米，已经看到了挂太阳旗的日军汽艇，两个男孩简短地商量了几句，就果断地把这名飞虎队员推到山坡边的一丛很深的杂草中，并扯来一大把芦苇将四周盖严后，箭似般消失在树林中。ThisAmerican“FlyingTiger”wasataloss,thinkingthathecoulddonothingbutawaithisdoom,whenoutofthejumbleofrankgrassemergedtwoChineseboys,bothofthesameheightandjustadozenyearsold.Asifseeinghissaviors,hesignedtothemtocomenearer.Theboyshesitatedalittleandcameovertohim.Withhisinstructions,theydexterouslyunfastenedhisparachute,andhelpedhimalongwithoneofthemoneachside.Butbeforetheyhadwalked200m,theysawJapanesemotorboatscomeflyingtheirsunflags.Theboystalkedamomentandthen,withoutdelay,hidthe“FlyingTiger”inathickgrowthofgrassbythehillside,andputtingaroundhimmorereedstheyhadquicklypulledout,theyvanishedswiftlyintothewood.7家庭是社会的基本单位，它的结构随着社会的发展而变化。在中国几千年的封建社会里，自给自足的小农经济占主导地位，家庭不仅是日常生活的基本单位，也是生产单位。理想的、令人羡慕的家庭是五世同堂，家里的大事由男人做主。近百年来，中国发生了巨大变化，中国社会经过漫长的封建时期，半封建、半殖民地时期进入了社会主义社会。这具有历史意义的变化使中国家庭的结构也改变了。人口众多的大家庭开始分成较小的家庭和直系家庭，总的趋势是出现了越来越多的核心家庭。Thestructureofthefamily,whichisabasicunitofthesociety,changesalongwiththedevelopmentofthesociety.InChina'sfeudalsocietywhichlastedseveralthousandyears,aself-sufficientsmallpeasanteconomypredominated.Thefamilywasnotonlythebasicunitineverydaylife,butalsoabasicunitofproduction.Anidealfamilyadmiredbyallconsistedof5generations,withthemalemembersmakingalltheimportantdecisions.Duringthelasthundredyears,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina.TheChinesesociety,whichhadgonethroughthelongfeudalperiod,andlaterthesemi-colonial,semi-feudalperiod,hadturnedintoasocialistsociety.ThishistoricchangehasledtochangesintheChinesefami