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泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGE肺肿瘤的CT诊断郑婷泸州医学院影像诊断与技术教研室泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGE概述良性肿瘤:错构瘤、炎性假瘤、腺瘤、纤维瘤、脂肪瘤、平滑肌瘤、血管瘤等。恶性肿瘤:肺癌、肉瘤、转移瘤。CT检查对于发现病变、定位、定性和定量诊断都具有传统X线检查不可比拟的优点。泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGE错构瘤(hamartoma)病理与临床为胚叶发育异常,可位于大支气管内或肺内,前者称中央型较少见,后者称周围型多见。发病年龄平均45岁(22~63岁),男多于女。中央型者症状稍多,如发热、咳嗽、咳痰及胸痛等。泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGE错构瘤中央型错构瘤CT表现:表现为主支气管或叶支气管内软组织球形肿物,该支气管远侧见片状高密度影,为阻塞性肺炎或/和肺不张,与中央型肺癌难以区分,但本病支气管壁不增厚,如能检出肿物内钙化或/和脂肪成份,则有助诊断。泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGE错构瘤周围型错构瘤CT表现:①呈圆形或类圆形肿物,多为单发,直径为1~9cm,多数为2~3cm,边缘光滑,部份可有浅分叶或边缘呈波浪状。②常位于胸膜下或近叶间裂处,邻近肺纹受压移位。③约1/3以上可见高密度钙化灶或脂肪成分。泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGEPulmonaryhamartoma泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGE右中叶错构瘤,病理证实,男55Y泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGE左上肺错构瘤,有点状钙化及低密度影泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGE腺瘤病理与临床分中央型(发生肺段、叶、主支气管甚至气管)和周围型(段以下肺内者)。女比男多见。中央型者可有咳嗽、咯血、胸痛及发热等,周围型者很少症状。中央型较多见,发生于支气管粘膜上皮组织,可从支气管壁突向管腔内或腔外生长。泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGE腺瘤中央型腺瘤CT表现:支气管腔内肿物,呈息肉状,表而光滑;有的见管腔狭窄,管壁局限性增厚;管外型在肺门区呈圆形高密度块影,边缘光整,密度均匀,少数可有钙化。肺内常伴阻塞性肺气肿、肺炎及肺不张。泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGE左主支气管内腺瘤,病理证实,男23Y泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGE腺瘤周围型腺瘤CT表现:可发生在肺内任何部位,多呈圆形,少数为不规则形,边缘光滑锐利,密度均匀,钙化少见,直径多为2.5~5.0cm大。增强扫描见肿块呈均匀一致性强化。本病如表现肿块较大,轮廊不整或呈分叶状,肺门及纵隔淋巴结肿大,增强扫描见肿块呈不均匀强化,常提示恶性程度较高。泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGE右下肺腺瘤,增强扫描无强化泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGE肺其他良性肿瘤常见平滑肌瘤、纤维瘤、神经源性肿瘤、脂肪瘤及血管瘤等均少见,大都呈圆形、椭圆形,边缘光滑整齐,密度均匀,很少特殊的CT征象。脂肪瘤由于含脂肪成分,故CT值低,常在一50Hu以下。血管瘤在CT增强扫描时见肿块显著强化。泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGE边沿光滑,显著强化,周围肺野晕征肺硬化性血管瘤泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGE肺硬化性血管瘤泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGE右上肺海绵状血管瘤,平扫见点状钙化泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGE右下肺血管瘤(混合型)泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGE右下肺血管平滑肌瘤,手术病理证实,同时患有子宫肌瘤,女43Y泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGE肺癌大体病理分型:中央型:发生在肺段及肺段以上支气管,有管内型、管壁型和管外型三种生长方式。周围型:发生在肺段支气管以下细支气管以上,主要向腔外生长形成肿块。细支气管肺泡型:包括单发肿块型、多发肿块型、弥漫型、肺炎型等。泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGE肺癌组织分型:鳞状上皮癌(鳞癌):中央型肺癌多见;腺癌:周围型肺癌多见;小细胞癌;大细胞癌:泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGE肺癌临床表现男性比女性多见,55~65岁多见,40岁以下者占10%左右。早期,多无症状。中晚期症状:主要为咳嗽、咳痰、咯血、胸痛、发热及消瘦等。肺外症状:如杵状指、肥大性骨关节病,柯兴综合征及甲状旁腺功能亢进等,肺癌的外侵和转移亦可产生一些特殊表现,如肺上沟癌可有霍纳氏征,纵隔转移可引起声嘶、腼麻痹或上腔静脉阻塞综合征等。中央型癌比周围型癌症状多而出现早。泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGE直接征象:管腔内软组织肿块管壁不规则增厚、管腔狭窄或阻塞右上叶中央型肺癌中央型肺癌的CT表现泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGE气管癌,男39Y泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGE气管癌并纵隔感染泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGE中央型肺癌的CT表现间接征象:阻塞性肺炎阻塞性肺气肿阻塞性肺不张左主支气管肺癌左肺不张泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGE中央型肺癌CT表现转移征象:纵隔及肺门淋巴结肿大(转移)胸腔积液心包积液肺内转移结节胸壁(包括胸椎、肋骨、胸壁软组织)转移远处转移支气管周围肿块并管腔狭窄泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGE右上肺中央型鳞癌,短锥状阻塞,肺不张,男57Y泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGE右下叶中央型肺癌泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGE左肺上叶中央型肺癌泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGE阻塞性肺炎支气管狭窄中央型肺癌泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGE奇静脉弓高位畸形并左上肺中央型肺癌,气道阻塞并肿块泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGE右下肺中央型肺癌,伏壁生长,男63Y泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGE右下肺中央性肺癌术后1年,复发转移,男55Y,肺窗转移灶环形泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGE左肺癌侵犯胸壁、腋窝泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGE左肺中央型肺癌,肺不张,示肺实变血管征及支气管黏液栓泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGE左上肺中央型肺癌,上肺不张,胸水,男76Y,示黏液栓泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGE左下肺中央型肺癌,肺不张,左肺动脉受侵泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGE中央型肺癌,肺不张泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGE左上肺中央型肺癌介入治疗前CT平扫泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGE左上肺中央型肺癌介入治疗前增强扫描泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGE左上肺中央型肺癌介入治疗后泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGE中央型肺癌CT表现小结直接征象:早期中央型癌CT检出率有限。主要表现支气管壁增厚、支气管腔内肿块、支气管狭窄和支气管梗阻。肺门区肿块:间接征象:三阻征。转移征象:纵隔、肺门淋巴结肿大、肺内转移、胸膜和胸壁转移、远处转移。泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGE周围型肺癌的CT表现直接征象———肺内肿块肺内孤立性肿块,类圆形或分叶状。棘状突起:肿块边缘长、宽2~6mm的棘状外凸影,为肿瘤浸润或间质增生。边缘短细毛刺(肺窗)。胸膜凹陷征。支气管、血管聚集征。肿块密度均匀或不均(坏死、液化、偏心空洞、钙化)。增强扫描非坏死区明显强化(CT值增加20HU以上)。泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGE右上肺周围型肺癌:病灶分叶、坏死、不规则空洞泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGE右上肺周围型肺癌:病灶分叶、坏死泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGE右上肺周围型肺癌:病灶分叶、坏死、结节状强化毛刺、胸膜凹陷、肺门及纵隔淋巴结转移泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGE右上肺周围型肺癌:病灶分叶、坏死、明显强化、毛刺、胸膜凹陷、纵隔淋巴结转移。泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGE间接征象:小叶性炎症、气肿、不张。转移征象:纵隔、肺门淋巴结肿大。胸腔积液、心包积液。肺内转移结节。胸壁(包括胸椎、肋骨、胸壁软组织)转移远处转移。周围型肺癌的CT表现泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGETUMOR左上肺周围型肺癌:纵隔淋巴结转移泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGE肺癌多发性肝转移肺癌小脑转移、肝转移泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGE左下肺周围型肺癌,鳞癌,病理证实,女67Y,肿瘤坏死泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGE双上肺结核、右下肺腺癌,病理证实,男68Y泸医附院THEAFFILIATEDHOSPITALOFLUZ
本文标题:肺肿瘤的CT诊断
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