英美概况unit23讲稿

英美概况课程讲稿1Unit2HistoryofBritain(I&II)1.TeachingObjectivesOncompletionofthisChapter,studentsshouldbeableto:1.UnderstandgeneralhistoricaldevelopmentofBritain2.Graspthemajorhistoricalevents3.AppreciatethepastandthepresentBritain2.TeachingDesign1).Teachingmethods:Pair/Groupwork;Discussion;Task-orientedactivities;Facilities:mediaclassroom;videoclips2).Importantteachingpoints:Britishhistoricalevents;ThehistoricaldevelopmentofBritain;3).Difficultteachingpoints:SomefamoushistoricaleventsrelatedtotheBritishhistory;SomeimportantmonarchsinthehistoryofBritain;4).Classroomactivities:OralPresentation:Pair/Groupwork;3.TeachingproceduresandContents1）Lead-inQuestions:Howtounderstandthat“Britishhistoryhasbeenahistoryofinvasion”?WhoisKingArthur?DoyouknowsomestoriesaboutthefamousmonarchsintheBritishhistory?2）BackgroundInformationTheIndustrialRevolutioninthelatterpartofthe18thcentury:Factoriesmultiplied;sodidcoal-mines.Bigtownswerespringingup.Thenationwasabletoproducemore.Somepeoplegrewrich.Industrializationalsobroughtproblems:itcreatedanentirelynewsocialclass---theindustrialworkerswhosewageswerelow,hourswerelongandworkingconditionsunhealthyanddangerous.3）SpecificStagesBritishhistorywillbedividedintothefollowingstages(periodsofdevelopment):theearlyhistory---theMiddleAges---the16thcentury---the17thcentury---the18thcentury---the19thcentury---the20thcentury4）TeachingContentsHistoryofBritain（I）2.1TheOriginsofaNation(5000BC-1066)I.EarlySettlers（5000BC-55BC）早期的居民（公元前5000年-公元前55年）1．ThefirstknownsettlersofBritainweretheIberians.英美概况课程讲稿2人们所知的英国最早居民是伊比利来人。2．Atabout2000BCtheBeakerFolkarrivedfromtheareasnowknowasHollandandRhineland.约公元前2000年，从现在的荷兰和莱茵兰地区来了宽口陶器人。3．TheCeltsbegantoarriveBritainabout700BC.约公元前700年，克尔特人来到不列颠岛。ArrivalandsettlementoftheCelts克尔特人的到来和定居Celtswerepracticedfarmers.Thedrainedmuchofmarshlandsandbuilthousesofwood.Theywereironworkers,too.Theirlanguages,theCeltslanguages,arethebasisofthelanguagewhichisstillusedbysomepeopleinScotlandandWales.TheirreligionwasDruidism(n.德鲁伊教).克尔特人是有经验的农民，他们排干沼泽地，用木材建造房屋。他们还打造铁器。苏格兰和威尔士语就是以他们的语言为基础发展而来的。TheCeltscametoBritaininthreemainwaves.克尔特人来到不列颠有三次高潮。ThefirstwaveweretheGaels-cameabout600BC.第一次高潮是约公元前600年盖尔人的来临。ThesecondwaveweretheBrythons-cameabout400BC.第二次高潮是约公元前400年布列吞人的抵达。ThethirdwaveweretheBelgae-cameabout150BC.第三次是约公元前150年比利其人的到达。II.RomanBritain(55BC-410AD)罗马人统治时期的英国（公元前55年-410年）1.BritishrecordedhistorybeginswiththeRomaninvasion.In55BCand54BC,JuliusCaesar,aRomangeneral,invadedBritaintwice.InAD43,theEmperorClaudiusinvadedBritainsuccessfully.Fornearly400years,BritainwasundertheRomanoccupation,thoughitwasneveratotaloccupation.有记录的英国历史开始于罗马人的入侵。公元前55年和54年，罗马将军朱略斯•凯撒两次入侵英国，均未成功。直到公元43年，克劳锹才成功占领不列颠。将近四百年里，英国人处于罗马人的占领下，但这并非是完全的占领。2.Roman'sinfluenceonBritain.TheRomanbuiltmanytowns,road,baths,templesandbuildings.TheymakegooduseofBritain'snaturalresources.Theyalsobroughtthenewreligion,Christianity,toBritain.罗马人修建了许多城镇网，道路，澡堂，庙宇和其他建筑物。他们还很好地利用了英国的自然资源。罗马人还把基督教这门新宗教带到不列颠。3.ReasonsforlimitedRomaninfluenceonBritain.罗马对不列颠的影响有限的原因。First,theRomansalwaystreatedtheBritonsasasubjectpeopleofslaveclass.Second,never英美概况课程讲稿3duringthe4centuriesdidtheRomansandBritonsintermarry.Third,theRomanshadnoimpactonthelanguageorcultureofordinaryBritons.首先，罗马人把不列颠人当作奴隶阶段的属民来对待。其次，在四世纪对罗马人和不列颠人通婚。最后，罗马人也未影响普通不列颠人的语言和文化。III.TheAnglo-Saxons(446-871)盎格鲁—撒克逊人（公元446—871年）1．BasisofModernEnglishrace:theAnglo-Saxons.盎格鲁—萨克逊时代（奠定了英国的基础）Inthemid-5thcenturyanewwaveofinvaders,Jutes,Saxons,andAnglescametoBritain.TheywerethreeTeutonictribes.①TheJutes,whofishedandfarmedinJutland,cametoBritainfirst.AJutishchiefbecametheKingofKentin449.②ThentheSaxons,usersoftheshort-swordfromnorthernGermany,establishedtheirkingdominEssex,SussexandWessexfromtheendofthe5thcenturytothebeginningofthe6thcentury.③Inthesecondhalfofthe6thcentury,theAngles,whoalsocamefromnorthernGermanyandweretogivetheirnametotheEnglishpeople,settledinEastAnglia,MerciaandNorthumbria.ThesesevenprincipalkingdomsofKent,Essex,Sussex,Wessex,EastAnglia,MerciaandNorthumbriahavebeengiventhenameofHeptarchy.五世纪中叶，朱特人、撒克逊人和盎格鲁人不断入侵不列颠。这是三支日耳曼（条顿）部落。居住在日德兰半岛（现丹麦南部）上从事打渔农耕的朱特人先抵不列颠。一个朱特人首领于449年当上了国王。后来从德国北部来的使用短剑的撒克逊人在埃撒克斯、苏塞克斯和威塞克斯建立了王国，统治期从五世纪末至六世纪初。六世纪后半叶，同样来自德国北部的盎格鲁人，在东盎格利亚、麦西亚以及诺森伯利来定居，同时把他们的族名加诸在英国人够上。这七个主要王国（肯特、埃塞克斯、苏塞克斯、威塞克斯、东英吉利亚、麦西亚和诺森伯利亚），合称为七王国。2．TheearlyAnglo-SaxonsconvertedtoChristianity.最早的盎格鲁—撒克逊人改信基督教。TheAnglo-SaxonsbroughttheirownTeutonicreligiontoBritain.Christianitysoondisappeared,exceptamongtheCeltsofCornwall,Wales,ScotlandandIreland.In597,PopeGregoryIsentSt.Augustine,thePriorofSt.Andrew’sMonasteryinRome,toEnglandtoconverttheheathen(异教的)EnglishtoChristianity.In597St.AugustinebecamethefirstArchbishopofCanterbury.Hewasremarkablysuccessfulinconvertingthekingandthenobility,buttheconversionofthecommonpeoplewaslargelyduetothemissionaryactivitiesofthemonksinthenorth.盎格鲁—撒克逊人把日耳曼宗教带到了英国。除了康瓦尔、威尔士、苏格兰和爱尔兰中的克尔特人还信奉基督教外，基督教很快就消失了。公元597，教皇格里高一世把罗马圣安德鲁修道院的院长圣奥古斯丁派遣到英格兰，其使命是使异教徒的英国人皈依基督教。公元579年圣奥古丁成为坎特伯雷大主教。在使国王和贵族皈依基督教方面，奥古斯丁特别成功。但是普通人的皈依很大程度上归功于北方修道们的传教活动。3．TheEarlyAnglo-Saxo