英语教学法Teaching_vocabulary

TeachingVocabulary“Ifthereisnogrammar,peoplecanonlyexpresssomething;butifthereisnovocabulary,peoplecanexpressnothing.”―WilkinsInthissession,wearegoingtoexplore:1.Whatisvocabulary?2.Factorsaffectingvocabularyacquisition;3.Whatneedstobetaught?4.Methodsforpresentingnewvocabularyitems;5.Waystoconsolidatevocabulary;6.WaystohelpstudentsdevelopvocabularybuildingstrategiesMajorTopicsDiscussion:Whatdoesknowingawordinvolve?Ifwesaythatweknowaword,wemustbeableto:--recognizeitinwrittenandspokenforms;--recallitatonce;--relateittoappropriateobjectorconcept;--useitinappropriategrammaticalforms;--useitincorrectcollocation;--useitatappropriatelevelofformality;--pronounceitinarecognizableway;--spellitcorrectly;--beawareofitsconnotation.wordsformsmeaningsuseWordgrammar:theunderlyingformofawordandthederivativesthatcanbemadefromit--regularandirregularforms--theknowledgeofwordbuildingPronunciation--therelationshipofsoundandspelling--sound-spellingpatterns--stresspatternsWordsandtheirformsDenotativemeaning(Conceptualmeaning):--polysemy:headofaperson,headofapin,headofanorganization--homonymy:file(adeviceusedforkeepingpapers;atoolforcuttingorsmoothinghardsubstances)Connotativemeaning(Affectivemeaning):--dogfriendship,loyalty--spinstervs.singlewomanWordsandtheirmeaningsStyle:levelofformality,aswellasstylessuchashumorous,ironic,literary,etc.e.g.similarinconceptualmeaningbutdifferinstyle--children:neutral--offspring:formal,sometimeshumorous--nippers:colloquial,oftenhumorous--kids:colloquialWordsandtheirUseWhat’stheproblemwiththefollowingsentence:Thereisn’tsufficientmilkforbreakfast.Correctinform,notsoinstyleRegister:varietiesoflanguagedefinedbytheirtopicandcontextofuse,forexample,thelanguageofmedicine,education,law,computer,etc.--minor:thelegaltermfor“child”--cardiacarrest:themedicaltermfor“heartattack”Dialect:differenceingeographicalvariation--sidewalk(US)=pavement(UK)Collocation:whatwordsaremostlikelytooccurtogetherproblemamountshamemanlargegreatbigmajorSenserelations:--synonymy--antonymy--(non-gradable)complementaryopposites:male-female--gradableopposites:large-small--differentoppositesindifferentcontext:lightbag-heavybag;lightwind-strongwind;lightcolor-darkcolor--hyponymy--incompatibles:spring,summer,autumn,winter--part-wholerelation:face:forehead.eyebrow,eyelash,nose,mouth,etc.Form:--pronunciationandspelling--grammar--WordformationAspectsofmeaning--denotation,connotation,--meaningrelationshipsUse:--Collocation--appropriatenessWhatneedstobetaught?Factorsaffectingvocabularyacquisitionfrequencypronunciationcontextualizationinputstoragedepthofprocessingbuildingnetworksfree自由free自由free自由L2L1SeparateL1andL2storesL2L2L2L1L1L1+L2storedependentonL1storeOverlappingL1andL2storesSingleL1andL2store自由HowdowestoreL1&L2inthebrain?freeTeacherA:a)wrote“grumble”ontheblackboardb)said“complainaboutsomeoneorsomethinginanannoyedway”c)translatedthewordintothestudents’nativelanguage.d)gavemoreexamplesentencesforthestudentstotranslateintotheirnativelanguage.Howdoyourteachersusuallyteachvocabularyintheclass?TeacherB:said“somepeoplegrumbleabouteverything.Forexample,theygrumbleabouttheweather.Ifitissunny,theysayitistoohot.Ifitiscool,theysayitistoocold.Theyareneverhappywiththeweather”.Thentheteachersetouttocheckthestudent’sunderstandingbyasking“sowhatdoes‘grumble’mean?”--concisedefinition--detaileddescription--examples(hyponyms)--illustration(picture,object)--demonstration(acting,mime)--context(storyorsentence)--synonyms--antonyms--translation--associatedideas,collocationsPresentingnewwordsWhatkindoftechniquesdoestheteacheruseinpresentingnewwords?Practice:Trytopresentthefollowingwordsmushroom,shove,earrings,newspaper,dependent,dance,expensive,congratulations,picture,scream,president,teenagerWaystopresentvocabulary1.Presentingvocabulariesbystickdrawings,models,slides,films,videotapes,radiosandTVs.2.CreatingaMonsterIfteachingbodylanguages,youcanuse----BasicbuildingblocksRedhairandgreenfur.Amonstrouswardrobe.Doyouknowwhereyourmonsteris?Fiveeyesandtwofangs.Twoclaws.Whatyouchoosewilldependontheitemyouarepresenting.Somearemoresuitableforparticularwords.Oftenacombinationoftechniquescanbebothhelpfulandmemorable.ConsolidatingvocabularyLabelingSpottingthedifferenceDescribinganddrawingPlayingagameUsingwordseriesWordbingoWordassociationOddoneoutSynonymsandantonymsUsingwordcategoriesUsingwordnet-workCompletethequestionnairebelowbychoosingthecorrectpreposition.Thenusethequestionnairetointerviewyourpartner.1.Inyourfamily,whoisusuallythefirstpersontoturnto/ontheTVwhenyougethome?2．Whatprogrammesmakeyouwanttoturnoff/overtoanotherchannel?3.DoyoueverturnthevolumeoftheTVup/offordown?Why?4.Ifsomebodyturnsup/onatyourhouse,doyouturntheTVover/offordoyouleaveiton?Example1:UsingquestionnaireExample2:usingwordnetworkPoliticsPoliticsParliament1)Chooseatopic,forexample‘politics’.Writeitinthemiddleofablanksheetofpaper.2)Whatisthefirstwordthatcomesintoyourmindwhichisconnectedwithit?Writethewordandjoinittothefirstword.3)Continueinthisway,addingnewwordsasyouthinkofthem.