英语高一句子成分

Lesson1句子成分【教学目标】1.复习语法句子成分，掌握句子成分的构成，为长难句的理解打基础。2.新题型讲解—语法填空技巧【教学重点】学会判断句子的各个成分；在不断巩固练习的基础上熟练掌握语法填空的技巧。定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分主要有主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，补足语，同位语等。1、主语：句子的主体，全句述说的对象。一般由名词、代词、不定式、动名词或从句担当，通常位于句首。Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Ineedabook.Toseeistobelieve.Seeingisbelieving.Smokingisbadforhealth.找出下列句子中的主语1.Shewentoutinahurry.2.Tomisverytall.3.Pridegoesbeforeafall.4.Lookingupallthenewwordsinthedictionarytookhimalotoftime.2、谓语：描述主语的行为动作或所处的状态。由动词，动词短语或系动词加表语担任，常置于主语后。谓语动词有人称，数，时态和语态的变化。Thetrainleavesat6o’clock.Sheisreading.Thissongsoundswonderful.Iworkedoutthisproblemunderthehelpofmymathteacher.动词分类：动词的分类：⑴行为动词：及物动词不及物动词HaveATryPART1语法讲解⑵系动词：be动词和感官动词⑶情态动词⑷助动词谓语：⑴简单谓语⑵复合谓语助动词+主要动词情态动词+主要动词找出下列句子中的谓语1.Hiswritingisverybeautiful.2.Somepeoplewilldojustaboutanythingtosavemoney.3.Youshouldtryyourbesttofulfillyourtasks..3、宾语：表示动作的对象。一般由名词（短语）,代词，数词，动名词（短语），动词不定式（短语），从句等充当，常置于谓语后。Hewonthegame.Helikesplayingcomputer.Peoplelovetogettogethertoeat,drinkandhavefunwitheachother.DoyouknowthattherewillbeaconcertofEasoninChongqingnextweek.找出下列句子中的宾语1.Showyourpassport,please.2.Shedidn'tsayanything.3.Canyoutellmethewaytothenearesthospital.4、表语：用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。一般由名词(名词短语)，代词，数词，动名词（短语），不定式（短语）或形容词担任，置于系动词之后。Heisastudent.Wearetired.Youlookhappytoday.注意：除了be系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，1)表感官的动词:sound,look,smell,taste,touch,feel,等。2)表转变变化的动词:go,become,turn,grow,get等。3)表延续的动词:keep,stay,remain等。找出下列句子中的表语1.Thewarwasover.2.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.3.Leavesturnyellowinautumn.4.Foodgoesbadeasilyinsummer.HaveATryHaveATryHaveATry5、定语：对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子。形容词，代词，介词短语，不定式（短语），动名词（短语），分词，从句等均可做定语。单个词作定语通常置于被修饰词的前面；短语或从句作定语通常置于被修饰词的后面。Theblackbikeismine.（black作定语）TheboyinblueisJim.（inblue作定语）Ihavenothingtodotoday.（nothing作定语）注意：1、当定语修饰不定代词如：nothing,anything,everything,something,anyone,everyone,someone等时，定语要放在其后作后置定语。Itellhimsomethinginteresting.2、不定式、短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。Theboyswhoareintheroomareplayinggames.Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyounow.找出下列句子中的定语1.Heisacleverboy.2.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.3.Isthereanyoneelsewhowantstogowithme?6、状语：用以修饰动词，位置灵活。它可以表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、程度、和让步等。副词，介词短语，不定式，分词均可做状语。1)、修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；Iamverysorry.2)、表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首。Inordertocheerhimup,Itoldhimthetruth.TheyarewritingEnglishintheclassroom.3)、一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。Weoftenhelphim.Heisalwayslateforclass.状语种类如下：Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?(时间状语)Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.（原因状语）Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.（条件状语）MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.（地点状语）Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（伴随状语）Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.（伴随状语）Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.（目的状语）Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.（结果状语）Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.（让步状语）HaveATryHaveATry找出下列句子中的状语1.Iwillbebackinawhile.2.Theyareplayingontheplayground.3.Onlyinthisway,canyoumakeasuccess.7、补语：补充说明主语和宾语的情况。补语分为主语补足语和宾语补足语两种，可由名词，形容词，介词短语，分词和不定式等担任。常位于宾语后。Hemademesad.（形容词）Sheasksmetotakeanumbrella.（不定式）Thewarmadehimasoldier.（名词）Ifindhimathome.（介词短语）Isawacatrunningalongthewall.（分词）找出下列句子中的补语1.Theycalledhimtheprinceofgymnasts.2.Iarrivedathomeverylate,tiredandhungry.3.Hiswordsmadeusangry.8、同位语：在句中对某一成分作进一步的解释，说明，并且与其在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语，它通常位于名词、代词后面,它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。Tom,ourmonitor,isahandsomeboy.Imyselfwilldotheexperiment.Thesuggestionthatthenewrulebeadoptedcamefromthechairman.找出下列句子中的同位语1.Thenewsthathewonthematchissoexciting.2.Theyexpressedthewishthatsheaccepttheaward.3.Thefactthatthemoneyhasgonedoesnotmeanitwasstolen.复习ReviewKeepthisinmind主谓宾表定状补七种成分记清楚主谓宾表是主干辅助成分定状补定语修饰名或代状语修饰动形副主谓人称要一致宾语之后可有补Wearefamily!HaveATryHaveATry一．强化训练(一)挑出下列句中的宾语1.Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.2.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.(二)挑出下列句中的表语1.Theoldmanfeltverytired.2.Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.(三)挑出下列句中的定语1.Whatisyourgivenname?2.Iamafraidsomecarelesspeopleforgottosweepthefloor.(四)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语1.Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.2.Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.(五)挑出下列句中的状语1.Therewasabigsmileonherface.2.Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.语法填空阅读下面材料，用不多于1个单词的正确形式填空Yangshuo,ChinaItwasraininglightlywhenI__1__(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.ButIdidn’tcare.Afewhours__2__,I’dbeenathomeinHongKong,with__3_(it)chokingsmog.Here,theairwascleanandfresh,evenwiththerain.I’dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver_4__arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese_5__(painting).Instead,I‘dheadstraightforYangshuo.ForthosewhoflytoGuilin,it’sonlyanhouraway__6_carandoffersallthesceneryofthebetter-knowncity.Yangshuo__7__(be)reallybeautiful.Astudyoftravelers_8__(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.AndthetownisfastbecomingapopularweekenddestinationforpeopleinAsia.Abercrombie&Kent,atravelcompanyinHongKong,saysit__9__(regular)arrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople_10__(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.Keys:1.arrived2.before3.its4.which5.paintings6.by7.is8.conducted9.regularly10.living总结：新题型技巧——语法填空PART2新题型讲解题型特征语法填空题是在一篇200词左右的语言材料中留出