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《计算机英语》参考译文和练习答案1练习答案(TheAnswers)PARTONEComputerBasicsUnit1MyComputerSectionAI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.CharlesBabbage;AugustaAdaByron2.input;output3.VLSI4.workstations;mainframes5.vacuum;transistors6.instructions;software7.digit;eight;byte8.microminiaturization;chipII.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:1.artificialintelligence人工智能2.paper-tapereader纸空阅读机3.opticalcomputer光学计算机4.neuralnetwork神经网络5.instructionset指令集6.parallelprocessing平行处理7.differenceengine差分机8.versatilelogicalelement通用逻辑器件9.siliconsubstrate硅基10.vacuumtube真空管(电子管)11.thestorageandhandlingofdata数据的存储与处理12.verylarge-scaleintegratedcircuit超大规模集成电路13.centralprocessingunit中央处理器14.personalcomputer个人计算机15.analoguecomputer模拟计算机16.digitalcomputer数字计算机《计算机英语》参考译文和练习答案217.general-purposecomputer通用计算机18.processorchip处理器芯片19.operatinginstructions操作指令20.inputdevice输入设备III.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:Wecandefineacomputerasadevicethatacceptsinput,processesdata,storesdata,andproducesoutput.Accordingtothemodeofprocessing,computersareeitheranalogordigital.Theycanbeclassifiedasmainframes,minicomputers,workstations,ormicrocomputers.Allelse(forexample,theageofthemachine)beingequal,thiscategorizationprovidessomeindicationofthecomputer’sspeed,size,cost,andabilities.Eversincetheadventofcomputers,therehavebeenconstantchanges.First-generationcomputersofhistoricsignificance,suchasUNIVAC,introducedintheearly1950s,werebasedonvacuumtubes.Second-generationcomputers,appearingintheearly1960s,werethoseinwhichtransistorsreplacedvacuumtubes.Inthird-generationcomputers,datingfromthe1960s,integratedcircuitsreplacedtransistors.Infourth-generationcomputerssuchasmicrocomputers,whichfirstappearedinthemid-1970s,large-scaleintegrationenabledthousandsofcircuitstobeincorporatedononechip.Fifth-generationcomputersareexpectedtocombinevery-large-scaleintegrationwithsophisticatedapproachestocomputing,includingartificialintelligenceandtruedistributedprocessing.IV.TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese.Acomputersystemincludesacomputer,peripheral(外围的)devices,andsoftware.Theelectric,electronic,andmechanicaldevicesusedforprocessingdataarereferredtoashardware.Inadditiontothecomputeritself,theterm“hardware”referstocomponentscalledperipheraldevicesthatexpandthecomputer’sinput,output,andstoragecapabilities.Computerhardwareinandofitselfdoesnotprovideaparticularlyusefulmindtool.Tobeuseful,acomputerrequiresasetofinstructions,calledsoftwareoracomputerprogram,whichtellsthecomputerhowtoperform《计算机英语》参考译文和练习答案3aparticulartask.Computersbecomeevenmoreeffectivewhenconnectedtoothercomputersinanetworksouserscanshareinformation.计算机系统包括计算机、外围设备和软件。用于处理数据的电动、电子与机械设备称为硬件。除了计算机本身之外,“硬件”这一术语还指被称为外围设备的组件,这些外围设备可扩大计算机的输入、输出和存储能力。计算机硬件本身在本质上并未提供一件特别有用的智能工具。计算机要想变得有用,就需要有称为软件或计算机程序的一套指令,来告诉计算机如何执行一项特定的任务。计算机在以下情况下变得更加有效:与网络中的其他计算机相连接,以使用户能够共享信息Unit2ComputerArchitectureSectionAI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.input;output;storage2.BasicInputOutputSystem3.flatbedscanners;hand-heldscanners4.LCD-based5.dot-matrixprinters;inkjetprinters6.diskdrives;memory7.Volatile8.serial;parallelII.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:1.informationretrieval信息检索2.voicerecognitionmodule语音识别模块3.touch-sensitiveregion触感区,触摸区4.addressbus地址总线5.flatbedscanner平板扫描仪6.dot-matrixprinter点阵打印机(针式打印机)7.parallelconnection并行连接8.cathoderaytube阴极射线管9.videogame电子游戏(港台亦称电玩)10.audiosignal音频信号11.operatingsystem操作系统12.LCD(liquidcrystaldisplay)液晶显示(器)13.inkjetprinter喷墨打印机14.databus数据总线15.serialconnection串行连接《计算机英语》参考译文和练习答案416.volatilememory易失性存储器17.laserprinter激光打印机18.diskdrive磁盘驱动器19.BIOS(BasicInputOutputSystem)基本输入输出系统20.videodisplay视频显示器III.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:CD-ROMstandsforcompactdiskread-onlymemory.Unlikefloppyandharddisks,whichusemagneticchargestorepresent1sand0s,opticaldisksusereflectedlight.OnaCD-ROMdisk,1sand0sarerepresentedbyflatareasandbumpyareas(called“pits”)onitsbottomsurface.TheCD-ROMdiskisreadbyalaserthatprojectsatinybeamoflightontheseareas.Theamountofreflectedlightdetermineswhetherthearearepresentsa1ora0.LikeacommercialCDfoundinmusicstores,aCD-ROMisa“read-only”disk.Read-onlymeansitcannotbewrittenonorerasedbytheuser.Thus,youasauserhaveaccessonlytothedataimprintedbythepublisher.AsingleCD-ROMdiskcanstore650megabytesofdata.Thatisequivalentto451floppydisks.Withthatmuchinformationonasingledisk,thetimetoretrieveoraccesstheinformationisveryimportant.AnimportantcharacteristicofCD-ROMdrivesistheiraccessrate.IV.TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese.Amodemisadevicethatconvertsbetweenanaloganddigitalsignals.Digitalsignals,whichareusedbycomputers,aremadeupofseparateunits,usuallyrepresentedbyaseriesof1’sand0’s.Analogsignalsvarycontinuously;anexampleofananalogsignalisasoundwave.Modemsareoftenusedtoenablecomputerstocommunicatewitheachotheracrosstelephonelines.Amodemconvertsthedigitalsignalsofthesendingcomputert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