工程测量毕业论文

郑州大学毕业论文题目：测量平差理论及在检测中的应用指导教师：赫晓慧职称：副教授学生姓名：张浩学号：201079250251专业：工程测量技术院（系）：佛罗里达国际学院完成时间：2013年4月19号2013年4月19日1目录摘要................................................................................................................................................3Abstract...........................................................................................................................................41绪论............................................................................................................................................51.1测量平差理论的发展.......................................................................................................51.1.1经典平差理论的发展............................................................................................51.1.2近代平差理论的发展............................................................................................51.1.3平差计算的发展....................................................................................................51.2测量平差的当代进展情况...............................................................................................51.3测量平差研究的主要内容及深度...................................................................................52测量不确定因素........................................................................................................................61.1测量平差的概念...............................................................................................................61.2测量平差的应用...............................................................................................................61.3测量不确定的概念...........................................................................................................61.4测量不确定度的评定步骤...............................................................................................73全站仪坐标导线测量的平差方法在村庄每家宅基地的应用................................................73.1几种平差方法简述...........................................................................................................83.2导线的近似坐标平差.......................................................................................................93.3采用全站仪观测导线的优势.........................................................................................103.4坐标平差中边、角观测值权的确定.............................................................................113.5单位权中误差和权的确定.............................................................................................114测量平差在测绘当中的具体应用..........................................................................................114.1测量平差在变形监测中的应用.....................................................................................114.2测量平差在GPS的应用....................................................................错误！未定义书签。4.2.1GPS高程方法...................................................................................................124.2.2高程拟合法......................................................................................................124.3测量平差在摄影测量的应用.........................................................................................144.4光束法区域网平差的基本思想.....................................................................................144.5光书法区域网平差的概算.............................................................................................154.6测量平差在大地测量中的应用.....................................................................................155结语..........................................................................................................................................17致谢..............................................................................................................................................18参考文献......................................................................................................................................192摘要测量平差是测绘类各专业的一门重要专业课，是测绘学科中测量数据处理方法重要的组成部分。通过引入测量平差理论求得观测量的最可靠结果并检验测量成果的精度.论文以村庄居民地为研究，对测量结果进行不确定度分析.因为即使经过对已确定的系统误差的修正，仍只是测量值的一个估计值。测量平差的任务就是对在一些带有偶然误差的观测值，按最小二乘原理，消除各观测值之间的不符值，合理地配赋误差，求出未知量的最可靠值。运用合理的方法来评定测量成果的精度。关键词：测量平差测量不确定因素误差分类3AbstractMeasuringadjustmentisanimportantcourseofvariouskindsofsurveyingandmapping,surveyingandmappingisdisciplineintheimportantpartofthemeasurementdataprocessingmethod.Obtainedbyintroducingthetheoryofmeasurementadjustmentofobservationofthemostreliableresultsandtesttheaccuracyofmeasurementresults.Astheresearchpapersonvillageresidents,uncertaintyanalysisofmeasurementresults.Becauseevenaftertheestablishedsystemerrorcorrection,isstillonlyanestimateofmeasurementvalueof.Taskofmeasuringadjustmentisinsomeobservationswithaccidentalerror,accordingtotheleastsquaresprinciple,eliminatethediscrepancybetweentheobservedvalue,reasonableassignmentofmatcherror,themostreliablevaluesofanunknownquantity.Reasonableuseofmethodstoassesstheaccuracyofthemeasurementresults.KeyWords:surveyadjustment;Measurementuncertainty;Errorclassification41绪论1.1测量平差理论的发展1.1.1经典平差理论的发展主要介绍高斯创立最小二乘原理和马尔可夫创立高斯-马尔可夫平差模型的历史背景和过程。1.1.2近代平差理论的发展主要介绍二十世纪四十年代以后出现的近代平差理论，结合导线网平差和我国南极考察、建站，重点介绍方差