初二英语动词不定式用法小结及练习

初二英语动词不定式用法小结动词不定式是动词的一种特殊形式，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能做谓语；它由“to+动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“notto+动词原形”.在句子中可作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等句子成分。为使同学们更好地掌握其用法，现总结如下：一、动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语，例如Tothinkoftheanimalsindangerissad.为避免句子的头重脚轻，常用it作为形式主语，而真正的主语动词不定式后置，如Itissadtothinkoftheanimalsindanger.常用句型:It+be+adj./ntodosth./Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.二、动词不定式作宾语一些动词，如want,decide,hope,ask,agree,choose,learn,plan,need,teach,prepare,等，常接动词不定式作宾语。应注意有些动词后面可接不定式作宾语，也可接动名词作宾语，但所表达的意义不同。常见的有：（1）stoptodosth.停下来去做另一件事；stopdoingsth..停止正在做的事（2）trytodosth.尽力做某事；trydoingsth.尝试做某事（3）remember/forgettodosth.记住／忘记去做某事；remember/forgetdoingsth.记得／忘记做过某事。下列动词（enjoyfinishkeepmindpracticespendadvisesuggestallow）后面不能用不定式，用动名词作宾语三、动词不定式作宾语补足语有些动词，如tell,ask,want,invite,teach,like,call等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，构成tell/ask/want/call/invitesb.todosth.结构。而表示使役动词和感官动词后面的宾语补足语时应省去to，（在被动语态中应加上to）。这些动词可归纳为“一感(feel)，二听(listento,hear)，三让(let,make,have,，四看(lookat,see,watch,notice)，半帮助(help)(即在动词help后面作宾语补足语时，to可有可无)”。四、动词不定式作状语动词不定式作状语主要用来修饰动词，表示目的theydidlotsofworktosavethecandas等。，表结果，常用结构有too+adj./adv.+todosth.adj./adv.enough+todosth，表原因be+形容词+todosth如Iamsurprisedtohearthenews.为了强调目的，有时可以把动词不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加inorder或soasto。五、动词不定式作后置定语时，与被修饰的名词逻辑上有动宾关系。如果动词不定式是不及物动词时，则要带上与之搭配的介词，构成及物动词短语。动词不定式作后置定语常用于“have/has＋某事＋todo”（somewordstosay,nothingtodo,enoughplacetolive）“It’stimetodosth.”等结构中。六、特殊疑问词+不定式特殊疑问词whatwhenwhyhowwhere等可以和不定式连用在句子做各种成分。如Howtousecompurersisaproblem.Ican`tdecidewhentodoit.动词不定式专项训练题：一、单项选择。1._______isdifficulttoworkoutthemathsproblem.A.ThisB.ThatC.ItD.Its2.Wedecided_______attheendofthismonth.A.travelB.notstartoutC.toleaveD.going3.Theyhavenopaper_______.A.towriteB.towritewithC.writeonD.towriteon4.Lethim_______arest.Ithinkhemustbetiredafterthelongwalk.A.hasB.haveC.tohaveD.having5._______thecomputerisaproblem.A.HowtouseB.WhattouseC.WheretouseD.Whichtouse6.Theteachertoldus_______inbed.A.don’treadB.readnotC.tonotreadD.nottoread7.Theoldmanwas_______angry_______sayaword.A.so,thatB.as,asC.too,toD.very,to8.Why_______hometomorrow?A.notgoB.notgoingC.nottogoD.didn’tgo9.TheTVsetistooloud.Willyouplease_______?A.turndownitB.turnitdownC.toturnitdownD.toturndownit10.It’scoldoutside.Youhadbetter_______yourcoat.A.toputonB.puttingonC.putsonD.puton二、用所给动词的正确形式填空。1.Ittookhalfanhour_______(get)totheWorldParkfromKitty’sschool.2.Itwasinteresting_______(see)somanyplacesofinterestfromallovertheworld.3.Theywant_______(save)timebyusingshorterwordsandphrases.4.Kitty’sclassmate,Daniel,taughthimselfhow_______(make)ahomepage.5.I`mglad________(see)youinBeijing6.Heputhisphotosonitforeveryone_______(look)at.7.Helphim_______(put)thephotosinthecorrectorder.8.Hemadethegirl_______(cry)yesterday.9.It’stimeforclass.Pleasestop_______(talk).10.I’dlike_______(go)totheTempleofHeaven.