lesson9-The-Way-to-Rainy-Mountain(雨山行)

TheWaytoRainyMountainN.ScottMomadayPara.1•Alyricaldescriptionoftheauthor’sancestralland,whichisimportantforhimtosearchhisidentity.•Theland---embodimentofthetribalhistory•TheKiowawarriorsaredead;theculturehasalmostdisappeared;onlythelandremains.•Visible,toremindyouofthepastandevokeyourimaginationThehardestweatherinRM•Winter---blizzards暴风雪•Spring---tornadicwinds龙卷风•Summer---ananvil’sedge砧缘一样热和硬•Grass---brittle,brown,又脆又黄cracks裂开的声音foliage•植物的叶子(总称);叶子及梗和枝•Mosttreeslosetheirfoliageinwinter.•大多数树木在冬天落叶。•green•叶绿色•foliageleaf•营养叶•foliageplant•观叶植物writhe•Totwistandturnthebodyasinagony.因极度痛苦而)扭动或翻滚•Hewaswrithingonthegroundinagony.•他痛苦地在地上打滚。•Knolln.Asmallroundedhillormound;ahillock.•Blizzardn.Averyheavysnowstormwithhighwinds.大风雪•Groven.Asmallwoodorstandoftreesthatlacksdenseundergrowth.小树林•hickory山核桃：一种山核桃属的北美洲落叶乔木，树皮光滑或粗糙，复叶，果实或坚果坚硬光滑，中间有可食用的种子，种子外包了一层可裂成四片的外皮•Prairien.Anextensiveareaofflatorrolling,predominantlytreelessgrassland,especiallythelargetractorplainofcentralNorthAmerica.大草原•Anviln.[解]砧骨•Witchhazeln.AnyofseveraldeciduousshrubsorsmalltreesofthegenusHamamelis,especiallyH.virginiana,ofeasternNorthAmerica,havingyellowflowersthatbloominlateautumnorwinter.金缕梅•Willown.柳树,柳木制品•AtadistanceinJulyorAugust...infire.从远处望去，七、八月里的树叶热得冒烟，犹如在火中挣扎。...popinguplikecorntostingtheflesh...像玉米花一样爆裂开，刺得人痛。Allthingsintheplain...intheeye...平原上的一切都是疏离开来的，所见之物不会混杂在一起让人看不清楚。Tolookuponthatlandscape...ofproportion.•清晨，太阳在你的背后冉冉升起，此时观看大地，你就会失去平时的比例感。Yourimaginationcomestolife,andthisyouthink,isthewhereCreationwasbegun.•Thelandscapemakesyourimaginationvividandlifelike,andyoubelievethatthecreationofthewholeuniversewasbegunrighthere.•Creation,nottheCreation:thecreatingoftheuniverseasaKiowaimagines.FunctionofPara.2•InthesecondparagraphtheauthorexplainshispurposeofhisvisittoRainyMountain:tobeathisgrandmother’sgrave.Thisparagraphservesasatransitionallinkbetweenthedescriptionofthelandinthefirstparagraphandthenarrationofhisgrandmother’sandhispeople’sstoriesinthefollowingparagraphs.…indeathherfacewasthatofachild.•Lifeisbutacircle,onebeginsasachildandendslikeachild,andindeathonereturnstowhereonebegins•infirmadj•1physicallyweak(espfromoldageorillness)体弱的,虚弱的,衰弱的（尤指因年迈或疾病）:walkwithinfirmsteps迈着虚弱的步子行走.•2~ofsth(fml文)withoutstrengthofsth欠缺某方面的力量:infirmofpurpose,will,etc,ienotpurposeful,notresolute目的不明确、意志不坚强.Mainideaofpara.3•ThisparagraphsumsupthehistoryoftheKiowasasaPlainsNativeculture—thegoldentimeandthedeclineintheirhistory•headwatern.OftenheadwatersThewaterfromwhichariverrises;asource.河源：一条河流的发源处；水源forkn.(道路、河流等的)分岔,岔路,支流•Preeminentadj.Superiortoornotableaboveallothers;outstanding.ButwarfarefortheKiowas...ratherthanofsurvival...Meaning:WarfarewasimportantfortheKiowasmorebecauseoftheirmilitanttendencythanbecauseoftheirneedofsurvival.TheKiowasoftenfoughtjustbecausetheyweregoodwarriors,becausetheyfoughtoutofhabit,character,nature,notbecausetheyneededextralandsormaterialgainsforthesakeofsurvivingandthriving.grim•adj.•严酷的,无情的•Hisexpressionwasgrimwhenhetoldthemtheyhadlosttheirjobs.•当他告诉他们说他们已被解雇时,他的表情十分冷酷。•讨厌的,糟糕的•I'vehadagrimday.•我过了不愉快的一天。unrelentingadj.持续不断的,不松懈的,不屈不挠的Hewasunrelentinginhispursuitoflegalmandate.他坚决要求得到合法的托管权。•ill-provisioned:withoutadequatesuplies,esp.food.•pillage:theactofplundering掠夺,抢劫•corraln.(家畜用的)畜栏,畜槛(pen)•broodv.tokeepthinkingaboutsomethingthatyouareworriedorupsetabout:--Don'tsitathomebroodingallday.//broodover/about/on//--There'snopointbroodingoverit-she'sgone./Mygrandmotherwasspared…tenyears,butshemusthaveknow…afflictionofdefeat…（para.3）•Luckily,mygrandmadidnotsufferthehumiliationofbeingputintoaclosureforholdinganimals,forshewasborneightortenyearsaftertheevent.•Fromherearlychildhood,shemusthaveheardwhathadhappenedfromherparentsandgrandparents.Thereforeshemusthaveknownthegreatpainanddistressbroughtbydefeat,andshemusthaveseenhowtheyhadkeptthinkingabouttheirdefeatinagloomyandhopelessway.mainideaofpara.4•ThisparagraphisabouthowtheKiowasmigratedfromwesternMontanaandhowthemigrationtransformedtheKiowas.LikePara.3,thispartusestheauthor’sgrandmother’sstoryasfocalpoint,butquicklymovesontothestoryoftheKiowaspeople.Theuseofwordslike“shebelongedtothelastculture”and“herforebears”smoothesthetransition.Itwasalongjourneytowardthedawn,anditledtoagoldenage.(para.4)•Theymovedtowardtheeast,wherethesunrises,andalsotowardthebeginningofanewculture,whichledtothegreatestmomentintheirhistory.•Dawn:daybreak,beginningofaneweraintheirhistory…andtheirancientnomadicspiritwassuddenlyfreeoftheground•Asanomadicpeople,theyhadnopermanenthomeandwereconstantlyonthemove.WhentheylivedinthemountainsinMontana,theyhadnohorsesandthereforetheyhadtowalkonfootallthetime.Inasensetheyweretiedtotheground.Nowtheywereabletorideonhorseback.Thisgavethemafreedomofmovement,thuscompletelyliberatingtheirancientnomadicspirit.•nomadica.游牧的;游牧生活的•theobjectandsymbolofworship他们的崇拜物和象征物。•SunDance(seeNote12)•fromonepointofview:inasense,inawayFromonepointofview...fromasunlessworld.•Inasense,theirmigrationconfirmedtheancientmyththattheyenteredtheworldfromahollowlog,fortheydidemergefromthesu