考研英语阅读理解中标点符号的作用

在考研阅读中，不论是阅读文章还是解答题目，标点符号都可以起到画龙点睛的妙用。下面张莹老师就带着大家见证一下由它们所产生的奇迹。一：逗号两逗号中为插入语时，看暂时跳读1.Forawhileitlookedasthoughthemakingofsemiconductors,whichAmericahadinventedandwhichsatattheheartofthenewcomputerage,wasgoingtobethenextcasualty.（2000，Text1）半导体制造业是美国发明的，而且是新的电脑时代的核心产业，一度被认为会成为下一个受害者。2.SomehugeAmericanindustries,suchasconsumerelectronics,hadshrunkorvanishedinthefaceofforeigncompetition.（2000，Text1）面对国外的竞争，美国一些大型产业出现了萎缩或者倒闭，比如消费电子业。3.Thismeansthat,forthefirsttime,therewillbeanexcessofboysinthosecrucialyearswhentheyaresearchingforamate.（2000，Text2）（做男人总是有危险。男女出生比例大约为105:100，但到成年时，这个比例就差不多会降到持平状态；而在70岁老年人中，女性人数是男性人数的两倍。但是男性死亡率高这一普遍现象正在被改变。现在，男婴存活率几乎和女婴一样。）这意味着到了找对象的关键几年，男性人数将首次超过女性。二：冒号进一步解释说明前句中的事物或现象1.Weliveasocietyinwhichthemedicinalandsocialuseofsubstances(drugs)ispervasive:anaspirintoquietaheadache,somewinetobesociable,coffeetogetgoinginthemorning,acigaretteforthenerves.（1996，Text4）60.Thewordpervasive(Line1,Paragraph2)mightmean________.[A]widespread[B]overwhelming[C]piercing[D]fashionable2.Thereisanotherwaytocommitevolutionarysuicide:stayalive,buthavefewerchildren.（2000，Text2）进行进化式自杀还有一种办法：一直活着、少生孩子。3.Ihavediscovered,asperhapsKelseywillafterhermuch-publicizedresignationfromtheeditorshipofSheafterabuild-upofstress,thatabandoningthedoctrineofjugglingyourlife,andmakingthealternativemoveintodownshiftingbringswithitfargreaterrewardsthanfinancialsuccessandsocialstatus.NothingcouldpersuademetoreturntothekindoflifeKelseyusedtoadvocateandIonceenjoyed:12-hourworkingdays,pressureddeadlines,thefearfulstrainofofficepoliticsandthelimitationsofbeingaparentonqualitytime.(2001,Text5)69.Jugglingone'slifeprobablymeanslivingalifecharacterizedby________.[A]non-materialisticlifestyle[B]abitofeverything[C]extremestress[D]anti-consumerism三：分号可表示结构并列或语意并列，有时可利用分号推测句子意思或作者态度1.Thisisnoflashinthepan;overthepastcoupleofyears,inflationhasbeenconsistentlylowerthanexpectedinBritainandAmerica.（1997，Text5）这不是昙花一现，在过去几年里，英国和美国的通货膨胀率始终低于预测水平。69.ThesentenceThisisnoflashinthepan(Line5,Paragraph3)meansthat________.[A]thelowinflationratewilllastforsometime[B]theinflationratewillsoonrise[C]theinflationwilldisappearquickly[D]thereisnoinflationatpresent2.Forus,thismeansthatevolutionisover;thebiologicalUtopiahasarrived.Strangely,ithasinvolvedlittlephysicalchange.（2000，Text2）对于我们来说，这意味着进化已经结束，生物学上的乌托邦时代已经来临。3.[2004Text1]Instead,thebeststrategyistousetheagentasakindoftipservicetokeepabreastofjobsinaparticulardatabase;whenyougetE-mail,consideritaremindertocheckthedatabaseagain.Theexpressiontipservice(Line3-4,Paragraph3)mostprobablymeans________.[A]advisory[B]compensation[C]interaction[D]reminder四：破折号两破折号中为插入语时，看暂时跳读1.Atthesametime,theAmericanLawInstitute--agroupofjudges,lawyers,andacademicswhoserecommendationscarrysubstantialweight--issuednewguidelinesfortort（侵权）lawstatingthatcompaniesneednotwarncustomersofobviousdangersorbombard（轰炸）themwithalengthylistofpossibleones.（1999，Text1）与此同时，美国法律协会--一群说话举足轻重的法官、律师和学者--颁布了新的侵权行为法准则，规定公司不必提醒消费者显而易见的危险，也不必为他们列出一长串可能遇到的危险。2.Butinthepast100,000years-eventhepast100years-ourliveshavebeentransformedbutourbodieshavenot.（2000，Text2）可是过去10万年--甚至在过去100年里，我们的生很活发生了变化，但我们的身体却没有改变。3.Thosethingsthatdonotshowupinthetestscores-personality,ability,courageorhumanity-arecompletelyignored,saysToshikiKaifu,chairmanoftherulingLiberalDemocraticParty'seducationcommittee.（2000，Text4）那些考试成绩无法反映的东西--个性、能力、勇气或人性--完全被忽略了，执政的自由民主党教育委员会主席ToshikiKaifu说。（由此产生的挫折感导致了孩子们的中途退学和难以管教。）五：引号1.可表示讽刺：Scientificcreationism,whichisbeingpushedbysomeforequaltimeintheclassroomswheneverthescientificaccountsofevolutionaregiven,isbasedonreligion,notscience.（1996，Text5）TownslikeBournemouthandEastbournespranguptohouselargecomfortableclasseswhohadretiredontheirincomes,andwhohadnorelationtotherestofthecommunityexceptthatofdrawingdividendsandoccasionallyattendingashareholders'meetingtodictatetheirorderstothemanagement.(1996,Text3)2.可用于引用某人观点：Istruckgold,saysRedmon.（2004，Text1）我发现了金矿，Redmon说。3.表示专有名词Ihavediscovered,asperhapsKelseywillafterhermuch-publicizedresignationfromtheeditorshipofSheafterabuild-upofstress,thatabandoningthedoctrineofjugglingyourlife,andmakingthealternativemoveintodownshiftingbringswithitfargreaterrewardsthanfinancialsuccessandsocialstatus.（2001，Text5）我发现，放弃那种为生活打拼的信条，转向减压减速的生活，将会带来高于经济收入和社会地位的回报；LindaKelsey不堪压力，辞掉She杂志社编辑职务的消息备受关注之后，她或许与我有同样的发现。六：括号1.可用于解释前词意义1).Drugs(substances)thataffectthecentralnervoussystemandalterperception,mood,andbehaviorareknownaspsychoactivesubstances.（1997，Text3）2).Researchersinthelate1960coveredthathumansarebornwiththecapacitytoapproachchallengesinfourprimaryways:analytically,procedurally,relationally(orcollaboratively)andinnovatively.（2009，Text1）二十世纪六十年代末的研究者们发现，人类天生就会用四种主要的方法应对挑战：即所谓的分析法、程序法、关系法（或者合作法）以及创新法。3).Buttodayamancanboosthispaternal(fatherly)wisdom（2009，Text2）可是今天的男人可以变成更聪明的父亲。2.通常是答案的位置[2006Text2]Anyway,thetownsfolkcan'tunderstandwhytheRoyalShakespeareCompanyneedsasubsidy.(Thetheatrehasbrokenattendancerecordsforthreeyearsinarow.Lastyearits1,431seatswere94percentoccupiedallyearlongandthisyearthey'lldobetter.