英语综合教程unit5词汇学习

1Unit5WordsandExpressions1.(序言)competent:adj.havingenoughskillorknowledgetodosth.toasatisfactorystandardIwouldn’tsayhewasbrilliantbutheiscompetentathisjob.CF:competent,able,capable这些形容词均含有“有能力的，能干的”之意competent强调具有能胜任某项工作的足够技能或其它所需的条件。able最常用词，多用于褒义，着重指有能力做某事，常用于beableto这个词组。capable语气弱于able，指有能力、有潜力做某事，常与of连用。Exercise:(Directions:)Fillintheblankswiththethreewordsabove.1.Willshebe______tocopewiththework?(=able)2.Ithinkyourplanis_____ofbeingimproved.(=capable)3.Weneedtogetanassistantwho’s_____andefficient.(=capable)4.Sheis______in/forherwork.(=competent)5.It’ssowonderfulbeing_____toseetheseafrommywindow.(=able)6.Thiscourtisnot______withregardtoyourcase.(=competent)2.(序言)integrity:n.1)thequalityofbeinghonestandstrongaboutwhatyoubelievetoberightNoonedoubtedthatthepresidentwasamanofthehighestintegrity.(插入声音文件integrity)(=Billisreallyamanofintegrity.)2)(formal)thestateofbeingunitedasonecompletethingAmodernextensionontheoldbuildingwouldruinitsarchitecturalintegrity.他们竭尽全力保持自己的文化完整。(=Theytriedtheirbesttokeeptheirculturalintegrityintact.)3.(Para.1)consult:1.v.askforinformationoradvicefromsb.becauseitistheirjobtoknowsth.I’mnotquitesurehowtogetthere—I’dbetterconsultamap.2.v.discusssth.withsomeonesothatyoucanmakeadecisiontogetherWhydidn’tyouconsultmeaboutthis?他们将就如何开展进行竞选活动进行磋商。(插入图片文件consult)(=Theyaregoingtoconsultonhowtolaunchtheelectioncampaign.)Patterns:consultsb.aboutsth.consultwith24.(Para.1)morale:n.thelevelofconfidenceandpositivefeelingsthatpeoplehave,especiallypeoplewhoworktogether,whobelongtothesameteam,etc.Acoupleofvictorieswouldimprovetheteam’smoraleenormously.长期的失业使得他精神不振。(=Alongperiodofunemploymentweakenedhismorale.)5.(Para.1)risethroughtheranks:makeprogressfromalowpositiontoahighpositionOnourships,theofficersrosethroughtheranksandeveryyoungsailorboyhadhischances.(插入声音文件rank)(=Shehadjoinedthecompanyasasecretaryandrisenthroughtheranks.)6.(Para.2)stump:v.ifyouarestumpedbyaquestionorproblem,youareunabletofindananswertoitI’mcompletelystumped—howdidshemanagetoescape?我很为难,简直不知如何是好。(=I’mstumped:Ijustdon’tknowwhattodo.)7.(Para.2)emerge:v.1)appearorcomeoutfromsomewhereSheemergedfromthesea,bluewithcold.太阳从云朵后面钻出来。(=Thesunemergedfrombehindacloud.)2)iffactsemerge,theybecomeknownafterbeinghiddenorsecretDifferencesontheissueshaveemerged.经彻底调查，总的情况明朗了。(=Afterthoroughinvestigationthereemergedanoverallpicture.)Pattern:emergefrom8.(Para.3)affair:n.1)asecretsexualrelationshipbetweentwopeople,whenatleastoneofthemismarriedtosb.elseShe’shavinganaffairwithamarriedman.(插入声音文件affair)(=Hehadanaffairwithhisbossthatlastedsixyears.)2)thingsconnectedwithyourpersonallife,yourfinancialsituation,etc.(插入图片文件affair)Sheorganizesherfinancialaffairsveryefficiently.别理我，管好你自己的事。(=Leavemealone;mindyourownaffairs.)3CF:affair,business&matter这些名词均含“事情”之意。affair含义较广，侧重指与你个人生活有关的事务。复数形式多指重大或较复杂的事务。business通常指生意上的事情。matter普通用词，着重指一件不得不考虑的或需要处理的事。Exercise:(Directions:)Fillintheblankswiththethreewordsabove.1.Theministerdealswithimportant_____.(=affairs)2.Willyouphonemeback—it’sa_____ofsomeimportance.(=matter)3.Ourfirmdoesalotof_____withoverseascustomers.(=business)4.Currently,therearefewerfirmsin_____intheareathaneverbefore.(=business)5.Talkingabouttheworld’sproblemsisonething,butsolvingthemisanother_____altogether.(=matter)6.WhatIdoinmysparetimeismy_____.(=affair)7.Aloisdeniedanyknowledgeofthe_____.(=matter)8.Eventuallytheyfoundaconsultanttheyfelttheycoulddo_____with.(=business)9.(Para.4)obvious:adj.easytonoticeorunderstandTheyhaveasmallchildsoforobviousreasonstheyneedmoney.ItwasobviousthatIknewverylittleaboutit.10.(Para.4)conduct:1.n.thewaysb.behaves,especiallyinpublic,intheirjob,etc.(插入声音文件conduct)(=Theclubhasastrictcodeofconduct.)2.v.carryoutaparticularactivityorprocess,especiallyinordertogetinformationorprovefactsWeareconductingasurveytofindoutwhatourcustomersthinkoftheirlocalbusservice.实验是由纽约的科学家们实施完成的。(插入图片文件conduct)(=TheexperimentswereconductedbythescientistsinNewYork.)11.(Para.4)consequence:n.sth.thathappensasaresultofaparticularactionorsetofconditionsWell,ifyouinsistoneatingsomuch,you’llhavetosuffertheconsequences!这项决定会带来深远的影响。(=Thisdecisionwillbringlong-lastingconsequences.)Collocations:4asaconsequenceoftaketheconsequences(of)12.(Para.6)constitute:v.ifseveralpeopleorthingsconstitutesth.,theyarethepartsthatformitWomenconstituteabout10%oftheparliament.(插入声音文件constitute)(=Theunder-18sconstitutenearly25%ofthetown’spopulation.)CF:constitute,compose&consist这些动词均含“组成，构成”之意。constitute正式用词，指由某些部分组成一个整体或构成某物的基本成分。在句中，主语表事物的组成部分，宾语表示事物的整体。compose正式用词，多用被动态。指将两个或两个以上的人或物放到一起形成一个整体。consist与of连用，指一个整体由几个部分组成，或由某些材料构成。Exercise:(Direction:)Fillintheblankswiththethreewordsabove,changetheformswherenecessary.1.Sevendays_____aweek.(=constitute)2.Thehouse______ofsixrooms.(=consists)3.Suchaction______afelony(重罪).(=constitutes)4.Wateris_______ofhydrogenandoxygen.(=composed)5.Thatarea’sfutureweatherpatternmight_____oflongdryperiods.(=consist)13.(Para.7)trait:n.(formal)aparticularqualityinsb’scharacterHissenseofhumorisoneofhisgoodtraits.他有个不大讨人喜欢的特点，就是爱当众责备孩子。(=Oneofhi