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1/51.Japanesesociety日本社会结构------E-Cweek2..........................................................................12.Academicfreedom学术自由E-Cweek3....................................................................................13.anewtypeofInternetconnection新的网络连接形式week3..........................................................24.theglassashalffull半杯水的杯子..................................................................................................25.competitivesports体育运动竞争性................................................................................................36.mistakefailure失误失败................................................................................................................37.Third-handsmoke三手烟.................................................................................................................38.了解过去/一个中国的原则/半张着口坐在前排/每晚必通电话.........................................49.保护野生生物....................................................................................................................................410.大量计算的任务................................................................................................................................411.发明创新的黄金时期........................................................................................................................412.中国市场...........................................................................................................................................513.对事物的驾驭能力............................................................................................................................514.电视...................................................................................................................................................51.Japanesesociety日本社会结构------E-Cweek2OneofthethingswehavetounderstandaboutJapanesesocietyisitsgenderstructure,astructuresimilartowhattheUnitedStateshadinthe1950s.Womendoallthedomestic{[dəˈmɛstɪk]家庭的}labor{[ˈlebɚ]劳动}.Menareinthefactoriesandshopsandthey’reworkinglonghours,buttheydon’tdomuchworkwhentheycomehome.Theydon’ttakecareofchildren,theydon’tdohousework,cooking,etc.IntheUS,therearebothmenandwomenintheworkforceandbothmenandwomenathome.Japaneseworkersmayworklongerinthemarketplace,butyouhavetocalculatethetotalamountofworkthatpeopledotofigureouthowhardpeopleareworkingandhowmuchleisure{[ˈli:ʒər]空闲的休闲的}timetheyhave.我们必须了解日本社会的一点，就是它的性别分工/结构，这种分工类似于美国二十世纪五十年代的性别分工。妇女包揽全部家务劳动，男人在工厂或商店上班，他们工作时间很长，但是回到家里就不干什么活儿。他们不看孩子、不做家务、也不做饭，等等。然而，如今在美国，男女都参加工作，也都从事家务劳动。日本工人可能在工作单位劳动时间较长，但我们在计算人们的劳动强度和闲暇时间的多少时，必须把全部劳动都算在内。2.Academicfreedom学术自由E-Cweek3Academic{学术的}freedomincludestheliberty{[ˈlɪbərti]自由}ofindividualstoexpressfreelyopinions{opinion[əˈpɪnjən]意见}abouttheinstitution{[ˌɪnstɪˈtu:ʃn]机构}orsysteminwhichtheywork,tofulfilltheirfunctionswithoutdiscrimination{歧视,辨别,区别}orfearofrepression{约束,压制}bytheStateoranyotheractor,toparticipate{[pɑ:rˈtɪsɪpeɪt]参加某事；分享某事}inprofessionalorrepresentativeacademicbodies,andtoenjoyalltheinternationallyrecognizedhumanrightsapplicabletootherindividualsinthesamejurisdiction.Theenjoymentofacademicfreedomcarrieswithitobligations,suchasthedutytorespecttheacademicfreedomofothers,toensurethefairdiscussionofcontraryviews,andtotreatallwithoutdiscriminationonanyoftheprohibitedgrounds.学术自由指个体有权自由地表达他们对所在机构或系统的意见，有权履2/5行他们的职责而不受歧视或者担心政府与其他人的压制，有权参加专业或有代表性的学术团体，以及有权享受所有国际公认的适用于在同一管辖范围内的其他人的人权。在享有学术自由权利的同时也需承担义务，例如，尊重他人的学术自由，确保对立观点的公平讨论，并且对所有人一视同仁，没有法律所禁止的任何歧视。{represent[ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt]vt.表现，象征vi.代表；提出异议}{representative[ˌrɛprɪˈzɛntətɪv]adj.典型的；有代表性的；代议制的n.代表；继任者}{representation[ˌrɛprɪzɛnˈteʃən]n.表现；陈述}{recognize[ˈrɛkəɡˌnaɪz]vt.认出；识别；承认vi.承认，确认}{applicable[ˈæplɪkəbəl,əˈplɪkə-]adj.适当的；可应用的}{jurisdiction[ˌdʒʊrɪsˈdɪkʃn]n.司法权；管辖权；管辖范围；权限}{obligation[ˌɑ:blɪˈgeɪʃn]n.义务，责任}{contrary[ˈkɑ:ntreri]adj.相反的；违反的，反对的；对立的}{prohibit[proˈhɪbɪt]vt.禁止，阻止}{ground[ɡraʊnd]n.地面，土地；基础；范围；阵地，战场vi.搁浅，停飞；着陆}3.anewtypeofInternetconnection新的网络连接形式week3EngineersaredevelopinganewtypeofInternetconnectionthatcouldcarrysomuchdatasoquicklyitmightsurpriseevenNetsurfers.Thistechnologywouldopenuparoutethroughwhichdatacanbesentatspeedsthousandsoftimesfasterthanwhat’spossiblenow.Ifallgoestoplan,thevastdataspeedsmaysoonbeavailabletoall.ThatmighthelpsolvetheproblemofhowtohandletheenormousgrowthinInternettraffic.Thetechnologywouldrequiresomenewsoftwareandfiber-opticlinkstothePC,butotherwisenochangeinbasicfacilities.工程师们正在开发一种新的网络连接形式，这种网络连接形式能够使大量的数据得以快速的传输，即使是网上冲浪者也会为之惊喜。该项技术将会开启一个新的传输数据的途径，这可使发送数据的速度比现有的速度快几千倍。如果所有的计划付诸实施，很快人们就都会享受到极快的数据传输速度。这可以帮助解决如何应付网络传输量巨大增长的问题。该项技术将需要一些新的软件和光导纤维与个人计算机相连接。但除此之外，无需改变任何基本设备。4.theglassashalffull半杯水的杯子Doyouseetheglassashalffullratherthanhalfempty?Doyoukeepyoureyeuponthedoughnut,notuponthehollow?Suddenlytheseclichésarescientificquestions,asresearchersscrutinizethepowerofpositivethinking.Afast-growingbodyofresearch—104studiessofar,involvingsome15,000people—isprovingthatoptimismcanhelpyoutobehappier,healthierandmoresuccessful;pessimismleads,bycontrast,tohopelessness,sicknessandfailure,andislin