英语语言学试题B卷

英语语言学试题B卷I.Definethefollowinglinguisticterms:(2%×10=20%)1)government:Itisatypeofcontrolovertheformofsomewordsbyotherwordsincertainsyntacticconstructions.2)exocentricconstruction(离心结构):Itisanconstructionwhosedistributionisnotfunctionallyequivalenttoanyofitsconstituents.3)complementaryantonym(互补反义关系):Itisaformofantonymthattheassertionofonemeansthedenialoftheother,orviceversa.4)perlocutionaryforce(取效行为):Itisanactwhichisperformedbymeansofalocutionaryact.5)appliedlinguistics:Itisadisciplinethatlinksthetheoriesoflinguisticswiththepracticeofforeignlanguageteaching.6)allophone(音位变体):Variantsofaphonemearecalleditsallophones.7)boundmorpheme(粘着语素):Themorphemesthatdonotoccuralone.8)interlanguage(中介语):Itisformedwhenthelearnerattemptstolearnanewlanguage,andithasfeaturesofboththefirstlanguageandthesecondlanguagebutisneither.9)arbitrariness(任意性):Theformsoflinguisticsignsbearnonaturalrelationshiptotheirmeaning.10)assimilation:Aprocessbywhichonesoundtakesonsomeorallthecharacteristicsofaneighboringsound.II.Translation(0.5%×20=10%)TranslatethefollowingtermsintoChinese:(0.5%×10=5%)1)lateral边音2)linguisticdeterminism语言决定论3)anthropologicallinguistics人类语言学4)locutionaryact发话行为5)transformation转换6)co-hyponym同下义词7)contextofsituation情景语境8)allomorph语素变体9)theme主位10)primarystress主重音TranslatethefollowingtermsintoEnglish:(0.5%×10=5%)11)语篇功能textualfunction12)意义潜势meaningpotential13)直接成分分析法immediatecomponentanalysis14)最大节首辅音原则maximalonsetprinciple15)聚合关系paradigmaticrelation16)音位规则phonologicalstructure17)前缀prefix18)语境context19)皮钦语/洋泾浜语pidgin20)历时语言学historicallinguisticsIII.Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputthecorrespondingletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets.(1%×20=20%)1)Thestudyoflanguageatonepointoftimeisa_______study.A.synchronic(共时)B.historicC.diachronic(历时)D.descriptive2)Synonymsareclassifiedintoseveralkinds.Thekindtowhich“fall”and“autumn”belongiscalled_____synonyms.A.stylisticB.dialectalC.emotiveD.collocational(搭配)3)Thesentence“Johnlikesice-cream”contains________arguments(论元).A.oneB.twoC.noneD.three4)Semanticscanbedefinedasthestudyof________.A.namingB.meaningC.communicationD.context5)Oncethenotionof________wastakenintoconsideration,semanticsspilledintopragmatics.A.meaningB.contextC.formD.content6)Ofthethreespeechacts,linguistsaremostinterestedinthe_______.A.locutionaryact(发话行为)B.perlocutionaryact(取效行为)C.illocutionaryact(行事行为)D.noneoftheabove7)MostoftheviolationsofthemaximsoftheCooperativePrinciplegiveriseto_____.A.utterancemeaningB.speechacttheoryC.conversationalimplicaturesD.noneoftheabove8)ThesignificanceofGrice’sCPliesinthatitexplainshowitispossibleforthespeakertoconvey______isliterallysaid.A.morethanB.lessthanC.thesameasD.noneoftheabove9)Thegoalof______istoexplorethenatureoflanguagevariationandlanguageuseamongavarietyofspeechcommunitiesanddifferentsocialsituations.A.psycholinguisticsB.sociolinguisticsC.historicallinguisticsD.generallinguistics10)BlackEnglishhasanumberofdistinctivefeaturesinitsphonological,morphologicalandsyntacticsystemswhichare_______.A.rule-governedB.systematicC.arbitraryD.bothAandB11)Asmodernlinguisticsaimstodescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,andnottolaydownrulesforcorrectlinguisticbehavior,itissaidtobe___.A.prescriptiveB.sociolinguisticC.descriptiveD.psycholinguistic12)Languageisasystemofarbitrary_________symbolsusedforhumancommunication.A.culturalB.conventionalC.decodedD.vocal13)Awordwithseveralmeaningsiscalled_________.A.anabnormalwordB.apolysemouswordC.asynonymouswordD.noneoftheabove14)Therearedifferenttypesofaffixesormorphemes.Theaffix“ed”intheword“learned”isknownasa(n)__________.A.derivationalmorphemeB.freemorphemeC.inflectionalmorphemeD.freeform15)Thesyntacticrulesofanylanguageare________innumber.A.largeB.smallC.finiteD.infinite16)“Iboughtsomeroses”__________“Iboughtsomeflowers”.A.entailsB.presupposesC.isinconsistentwithD.issynonymouswith17)Thephrase“boysandgirls”belongstothe____________construction.A.predicateB.endocentricC.subordinateD.exocentric18)CanIborrowyourbike?___Youhaveabike.A.issynonymouswithB.isinconsistentwithC.entailsD.presupposes19)Ofallthespeechorgans,the___is/arethemostflexible.A.mouthB.lipsC.tongueD.vocalcords20)Chomskyusestheterm_______torefertotheactualrealizationofalanguageuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinlinguisticcommunication.A.langue(语言)B.competence(语言能力)C.parole(言语)D.performance(语言表现)IV.Decidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse:(1%×15=15%)T1)Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.T2)Thewritingsystemofalanguageisalwaysalaterinventionusedtorecordspeech;thustherearestillmanylanguagesintoday’sworldthatcanonlybespoken,butnotwritten.F3)Theopen-class(开放类)wordsincludeprepositions.F4)InclassifyingtheEnglishconsonantsandvowels,thesamecriteriacanbeapplied.T5)Accordingtosemantictriangle(语义三角),thereisnodirectlinkbetweenasymbolandreferent,i.e.betweenawordandathingitrefersto.F6)Syntacticcategories(句法范畴)refertosentences(S)andclauses(C)only.F7)Bysynchronywemeantostudylanguagechangean