英语语音语调教程第一单元

学习语音的重要意义？Whydowelearnthiscourse?1)有利于正确地从声音方面表达思想，对听说技能的获得是必须的。2)有助于语法和词汇的学习。（全面的牢固的掌握一门外语。必须有声地掌握该们语音即首先掌握语音。）EnglishWestGermaniclanguageAbout325millionnativespeakersBritain,56millionTheUSA,232millionCanada,24millionAustralia&NewZealand,17millionThesoleofficiallanguagein20+countries,themostimportantlanguageofcommerce,themostwidelylearnedsecondlanguageTheimportanceoflearningEnglishpronunciationandintonation(1).GoodpronunciationandintonationisessentialforateacherofEnglish.(2).Goodpronunciationandintonationisneededforbettercommunication.(3).Goodpronunciationandintonationisthebasisofgoodlisteningandspeakingabilities.(4).Goodpronunciationandintonationhassomeindirectinfluenceonthestudents’writingandreadingabilities.(5).Goodpronunciationandintonationcanhelpthestudentsdevelopgoodsenseoflanguage.Whatdowestudyinthiscourse?Thestudyofpronunciationconsistsoftwofields,phonetics(语音学)andphonology(语音体系).Phoneticsdealswiththeproductionofspeechsoundsbyhumans;oftenwithoutpriorknowledgeofthelanguagebeingspoken.Phonologyisaboutpatternsofsounds,especiallydifferentpatternsofsoundsindifferentlanguages,orwithineachlanguage,differentpatternsofsoundsindifferentpositionsinwordsetc.英语语音教程的范畴Contents1）掌握英语44个音素的发音1.音素的概念.Phone/phoneme:Thesmallestmeaning-distinctivesoundunit用以区别意义，组成一个读音的最小发音单位.其作用类似于汉语拼音。2.音素的分类元音20个(单元音12+双元音8)+辅音音素24个,共计44.SpeechsoundsEnglishconsonantsPronunciationofthe26lettersAa,Hh,Jj,Kk,Bb,Cc,Dd,Ee,Gg,Pp,Tt,Vv,Zz(Ame)Ff,Ll,Mm,Nn,Ss,Xx,ZzIi,YyOo,Qq,UuRrWw3.元音分为单元音和双元音单元音中，根据发音时舌头前中后哪个部分抬得最高，可以分成前元音、中元音和后元音4.辅音根据成阻方式可分为：爆破音、摩擦音、鼻辅音、破擦音、旁流音和半元音1）掌握英语44个音素的发音Howtolearnthiscourse1.imitation2.practice,esp.afterclass学习语音应注意什么？1）多听、多模仿、多练习。2）以听促读、说。3）掌握每个音是怎么发音的。（发音器官）发音器官图1.请列举你所认为的发音器官Organsofspeech1.上唇upperlip2.下唇lowerlip3.上齿upperteeth4.下齿lowerteeth5.上齿龈upperteethridge6.硬腭hardpalate7.软腭softpalate8.小舌theuvula9.舌端thetipofthetongue10.舌前thefrontofthetongue11.舌后thebackofthetongue12.喉头throat13.声带thevocalcords14.器官organs15.咽头thepharynx16.口腔themouthcavity17.鼻腔thenasalcavity总结：提高语音语调的几个方法1.ListentospokenEnglishasoftenaspossible.多听别人说，自己做有心人。Listen：Hownativespeakerspronouncevariouswordsandphrasesandmodelyourpronunciationonwhatyouhear.,总结：提高语音语调的几个方法2.Learnthephoneticalphabet.学习音标。Usethephoneticalphabetpage(atthebeginningofmostgooddictionaries)asaguidetopronouncingnewwords.总结：提高语音语调的几个方法3.Don‘tforgettolearnthewordstressofanewword.注意单词重音。EveryEnglishwordhasitsownstress,orintonation.Forexample,thewordbelievehastwosyllables(beandlieve),butonlythesecondsyllableisstressed.Wesaybe'lieveandnot'believe.Yourdictionarywillshowthesyllablestressbyanapostrophe(')beforethesyllabletobeWordstressisimportant.Infact,itismorelikelythatsomeonemisunderstandsyoubecauseofwrongwordstressthanbecauseofthewrongpronunciationofasound.总结：提高语音语调的几个方法4.WorkoutwhichsoundscauseyoumostproblemsinEnglish.找出自己的弱点，专门解决。Dependingonwhatyourfirstlanguageis,youmayhaveproblemswithcertainsounds.Forexample,Frenchspeakershavedifficultieswithth;speakersofMandarinhavedifficultieswithrorl,andArabicspeakershavedifficultieswithpandb,Forexample,pairandbear;pondandbond;pieandbuyetc.总结：提高语音语调的几个方法5.Beawareofintonationandsentencestress.注意句子的重读。Notallwordsinasentencehaveequalstress,andgenerallyonlytheinformationwords(nounsandverbs)arestressed.'Where'sthe'penI'gaveyou?'Where'sthe'red'penI'gaveyouWhere'sthe'redand'blue'penI'gaveyou'yesterday?Theunstressedwords(suchasthe,I,youandand)don'tcarryasmuchweightasthestressedwords.Theybecomemuchsmallerinlength,andarealmostabbreviated.Forexample,andbecomesun.5.Beawareofintonationandsentencestress.注意句子的重读。Changingstress根据意思改变重读Sentencestressisn'tfixedlikewordstress.Infact,youcanstresswordsthatarenormallyunstressedinordertohighlightdifferentmeanings.Forexample:I'loveyou.(Love,ratherthanjustlike.)'Iloveyou.(WiththestressonItohighlightthatit'smeratherthananotherpersonwholovesyou.)Ilove'you.(Andnobodyelse.)5.Beawareofintonationandsentencestress.注意句子的重读。Intonation不同情境不同语调Thereareacoupleofeasytorememberrulesaboutintonation.Usuallyourvoicesgoupattheendofthesentencetoshowaquestion,anddownattheendtoshowastatement.Intonationisalsoimportantintagquestions:Youknowhim,don'tyou?(Withrisingintonationondon'tyou?“toshowit'saquestion).Youknowhim,don'tyou.(Withfallingintonationondon'tyoutoshowit'sastatementyouexpecttheotherpersontoagreewith.)总结：提高语音语调的几个方法6.Learntorecognizespellingpatterns.根据拼写规则发音Forexample,tionontheendofawordispronouncedshun,whilesioncanbepronouncedzhun.Thereareoftenmanywaystopronounceaparticularspellingpattern,butitcertainlyhelpstoknowwhatthevariationsare.Forexample,thepatternoughcanbepronounceduffasinenoughandtough,ororasinoughtandboughtorohasinalthoughanddough.总结：提高语音语调的几个方法7.Don'trush.不要比速度，合适语速比清晰。Ifyouspeaktoofast,thedangeristhatyoucouldskipoversomewords,failtopronouncethemcompletely,ormixthemup.Ifyouspeaktooslowly,youmightendupsoundingunnatural.Butit'sbettertospeakslowlyandclearlythantooquickly.AboutFinalExamination40%classroomperformace(attendance,questionanswering,homework)60%examinationperformanceASSIGNMENTThisw