范明月-利用高电压脉冲电场技术对鱼骨加工利用的研究

哈尔滨理工大学学士学位论文-I哈尔滨理工大学课程设计题目：利用高电压脉冲电场技术对鱼骨加工利用院、系：电气与电子工程学院姓名：范明月学号：1220300036指导教师：郑殿春2013年5月20日哈尔滨理工大学学士学位论文-II摘要本研究以鱼骨为研究对象，把高电压脉冲电场技术应用到酸法水解鱼骨过程中，展开大量试验研究。并利用所制得的鱼骨水解液在产品开发上开展了部分研究。具体得出以下结论：1）利用高电压脉冲电场作用于鱼骨酸解反应，所得水解液钙的溶出率和蛋白质的水解度均明显高于单纯酸解6h所制得的水解液。由于高电压脉冲电场的作用是在几十毫秒内完成的，故此方法与单纯酸解法相比，具有高效、快速的优点。2）通过单因素试验，筛选适宜的试验条件并确定显著因素的大概范围。发现采取酸料比（总酸与鱼骨粉的质量比）为1：1，加水量（相对于鱼骨粉质量）为10倍为较适宜的试验条件；脉冲数对鱼骨粉水解效果的影响为：钙的溶出率和蛋白质水解度均随着脉冲数的增加而增大；电场强度对鱼骨粉水解效果的影响为：当电场强度在25kv/cm以下时，钙的溶出率和蛋白质水解度均随着电场强度的升高而增大；当电场强度超过25kv/cm时，钙的溶出率和蛋白质水解度均随着电场强度的升高而减小。3）通过正交试验和结果分析得出，影响鱼骨水解效果的3个因素中（电场强度、脉冲数、柠檬酸与苹果酸的配比），以电场强度的影响最大，其次是脉冲数，混合酸中柠檬酸与苹果酸的配比的影响最小。4）通过试验确定鱼骨营养口服液最佳稳定剂配方为：得出了最佳的参数组合：脉冲数=6，场强=25kv/cm，混合酸中柠檬酸与苹果酸配1：1。在该试验条件下钙的溶出率为83.86%，蛋白质水解度为45.03%，黄原胶0.1%、CMC-Na0.1%。5）所制得的口服液澄清透明，呈淡黄色；酸甜适口，口感醇和。其中含有钙5028mg/L，蛋白质19.1%，硫酸软骨素16.05mg/L。蛋白质中氨基酸组成平衡，赖氨酸含量高，并含有一定数量的脂肪酸和保健功能极佳的硫酸软骨素，营养价值很高，是理想的补钙剂和蛋白质补充剂。关键词高电压脉冲电场（PEF）；鱼骨；酸解；口服液；钙；蛋白质哈尔滨理工大学学士学位论文-IIITheStudyofPolymerFlameRetardantsAbstractThistookthefish-boneasstuduobject.Bythemeanofwhichwasself-madeApllythehighintensitypulsedelectricfields(PEF)techniqueintotheacidstandardhydrolyzecourseoffishbone,outspreadagreatdealtentativelyinvestigate.Equally,progresspartinvestigateonmanufactureexploitureoffishbonehydrolyzeliquid.Theconclusionsareasfollows:1)UsingHighintensitypulsedelectricfields（PEF）actonfishboneacidstandardhydrolyzecourse,discoverthatthecomeoutrateofcalcicandthecomeoutrateofproteinoftheearninghydrolyzeliquidbothwereevidencehypertheearninghydrolyzeliquidofsimplyacidstandardhydrolyze.InvirtueofthattheactionofPEFwascompletdidwithinafewdecadesmillisecond,sothismethodbeprovidedwiththecharacteristicofhigh-efficiencyandclippingcomparewithsimplyacidstandardhydrolyze.2)Bythesinglefactorexperiment,itwasfoundthatthequitefeasibleexaminationconditionistheproportionoftotalacidqualityandfishbonedustis1:1,theaccessionqualityofwateris10timesofthequalityoffishbonedust.Andalsofoundthattheeffectoffishbonedusthydrolyzewasincreasedalongwiththeincreaseofpulsenumber.Theeffectoffishbonedustbyfieldstrengthwasthat,Whenitwaslessthan25kv/cm,thecomeoutrateofcalcicandthecomeoutrateofproteinoftheearninghydrolyzeliquidbothwereincreased哈尔滨理工大学学士学位论文-IVwiththeincreaseoffieldstrength,butwhenitwasmorethan25kv/vm,theyweredecreasedwiththeincreasefieldstrength.3)Itwasfoundthatthefactorofaffecttheeffectoffishbonedusthydrolyzegreatestwasfieldstrength(A),anditwasthenotablefactorwhoselevelofsignificancewas0.01;Thenextoneispulsemumber(B),anditwasalsothenotablefactorwhoselevelofsignificancewas0.05;thelastonewastheproportionbetweencitricacidandmalicacidinmix-acid(A),andit’slevelofsignificancewasalso0.05ThebestcombinationwasA3B3C1,namely,pulsenumber:6,fieldstrength:25kv/cm,proportionbetweencitricacidandmalicacidinmix-acid:1:1.4)Itwasconfirmbyexanminationsthatthebestdirectionsforthestabilityoffishbonealimentationtakeorallyliquidis:xanthicacid0.1%,CMC-Na0.1%。5)fishbonealimentationtakeorallyliquidwasclearandclarity,canary,flavorgodowneasily,Thereintocontaincalcium5028mg/L,19.1%ofproteinandchindroitinsulfate(Chs)16.05mg/L.Keywords:Highintensitypulsedelectricfields（PEF）fishboneacidstandardhydrolyzetakeorallyliquidcalciumprotein哈尔滨理工大学学士学位论文-V-目录摘要......................................................................................................................IAbstract...............................................................................................................II第1章绪论........................................................................................................11.1选题的目的和意义...................................................................................11.1.1问题的提出........................................................................................11.1.2本文的目的........................................................................................11.1.3本文的意义........................................................................................11.2鱼骨的概述...............................................................................................21.3研究现状...................................................................................................31.4高电压新技术的优点分析.......................................................................41.5本文主要研究的内容...............................................................................4第2章高电压脉冲电场处理系统....................................................................52.1处理装置基本结构...................................................................................52.2高电压脉冲电场获得方法.......................................................................62.3食品处理室...............................................................................................72.4电场参数计算...........................................................................................72.5PEF技术在食品工业中的应用................................................................82.5.1PEF技术在食品保藏中的应用。....................................................82.5.2PEF技术在食品成分提取中的应用..............................................102.5.3其它应用.....