葡萄糖氢转移制多元醇的研究

学士学位论文葡萄糖氢转移催化加氢制多元醇的研究姓名：王丽专业：制药工程指导教师姓名：张龙指导教师职称：教授2012年6月长春工业大学学士学位论文I摘要传统的生产多元醇的方法，一般是两步：第一步是纤维素等原料水解生成葡萄糖，第二步是葡萄糖的催化加氢制备多元醇，此种反应工艺反应间隔时间比较长，同时反应的前期准备工作复杂，操作比较为繁琐。因此，开发新的催化剂和催化技术，使葡萄糖氢转移催化加氢制多元醇具有重要的现实意义和理论价值。本文探索了不同条件对葡萄糖氢化催化加氢的影响。考察了葡萄糖浓度、甲酸钠浓度、季铵盐与葡萄糖的质量比、反应时间、反应温度等因素对葡萄糖转化为多元醇冰点的影响。结果表明：反应中葡萄糖浓度越高产物的冰点越低；甲酸钠浓度越高产物的冰点越低；适量的季铵盐对冰点的影响相对较大整体呈曲线分布，季铵盐的量过多反而对冰点产生抑制，使冰点上升；反应温度并不是温度越高产物冰点越低，温度过高冰点反而会升高；而反应时间越长产物的冰点会越低。根据本实验研究总结得出：该反应在葡萄糖浓度为50％，甲酸钠浓度为35％，季铵盐与葡萄糖质量比为1.0％，反应温度控制在105℃，反应时间为4h所得多元醇达到最优，在该条件下得到的产物冰点最低，在此条件下制成的葡萄糖基多元醇是最佳工艺条件下的产物。关键词：葡萄糖多元醇氢转移冰点催化长春工业大学学士学位论文IITitle:StudyonGlucoseCatalyticHydrogenationtoProducePolyolsAbstractIt’sgenerallydividedintotwostepsinthetraditionalmethodofproducingpolyols.Thefirststepishydrolysisofcellulosetoformglucose.Andthesecondstepisthecatalytichydrogenationofglucosetopolyols.Suchreactionprocessistime-consumingandcomplicated.Sotodevelopnewcatalystsandcatalytictechnologiestocatalyzeglucosetoproducepolyolsinasimpleonestepisofgreatimportance.Thisarticleexploresthatdifferentconditionscaneffectonthecatalytichydrogenationofglucosehydrogenation.Itincludesglucoseconcentration,sodiumconcentration,quaternary-N,reactiontime,temperatureandotherfactors.Theresultsshowedthat:Thehighertheglucoseconcentrationis,thelowerthefreezingpointofthereactionproductsbecomes;thehigherthesodiumconcentrationis,thelowerthefreezingpointoftheproductbecomes;therightamountofquaternary-Nisgoodforthefreezingpointandtoomuchquaternary-Ncandoharmtothefreezingpoint;higherreactiontemperaturecannotpromotethisreactionandlowerthefreezingpoint;butthelongertheproductofthereactiontimeis,thelowerthefreezingpointbecomes.Accordingtotheexperimentalstudy:attheconditionthatglucoseconcentrationis50%,sodiumconcentrationis35%,thequaternary-Nandglucosemassratiois1.0%,thereactiontemperatureis105℃andthereactiontimeis4hourswecanobtaintheproductinthelowestfreezingpoint.Itwillbethebestprocessconditions.Keyword：GlucosePolyolsHydrogentransferFreezingpointCatalysis长春工业大学学士学位论文III目录摘要Abstract第一章文献综述.................................................................................................................11.1引言.........................................................................................................................11.2葡萄糖.....................................................................................................................11.2.1葡萄糖的定义...............................................................................................11.2.2葡萄糖的结构...............................................................................................21.2.3葡萄糖的物理性质.......................................................................................21.2.4葡萄糖的化学性质.......................................................................................21.2.5葡萄糖的制备...............................................................................................21.2.5.1酸水解法.............................................................................................31.2.5.2酶水解法.............................................................................................41.2.6葡萄糖的应用...............................................................................................41.3相转移催化反应.....................................................................................................51.3.1PTC的相转移催化原理................................................................................51.3.2相转移催化剂的种类...................................................................................61.3.2.1液-液PTC...........................................................................................61.3.2.1.1季铵盐类...................................................................................61.3.2.1.2冠醚类.......................................................................................71.3.2.1.3聚乙二醇类(PEG).....................................................................71.3.2.2固-液PTC...........................................................................................71.3.2.3三相PTC.............................................................................................81.3.3PTC的应用....................................................................................................81.4多元醇的特点.........................................................................................................91.4.1制备聚氨酯材料...........................................................................................91.4.2制备氢气.......................................................................................................91.4.3制备烷烃.......................................................................................................91.4.4制备烯烃.....................................................................................................101.4.5制备化学品或化学中间体.........................................................................101.5国内外制备多元醇的研究方法...........................................................................101.6本课题的研究目的和主要研究内容..........