第六章建筑施工.

土木工程专业英语孙煦东内蒙古建筑职业技术学院Chapter6ConstructionEngineeringExtremecareisnecessaryforpreparation,transport,platingandfinishofconcreteinconstructionworks.Itisimportanttonotethatonlyabitofcareandsupervisionmakeagreatdifferencebetweengoodandbadconcrete.Thefollowingfactorsmaybekeptinmindinconcretingworks.注意到少量的留意和监督就会使混凝土质量的好坏产生很大的差异，这一点很重要。混凝土施工中，以下因素应当紧记。SectionAConstructionofConcreteWorks（建筑施工）（混凝土工程施工）极度重视施工过程中混凝土的准备、运输、浇筑及浇筑完成等工作是必需的。MixingThemixingofingredientsshallbedoneinamixerasspecifiedinthecontract.Thefollowingsequenceofchargingthemixer([′miksə]n.搅拌机,搅拌器)maybeadopted.搅拌各组成材料应当按合同中的规定在搅拌机中搅拌。应当参照以下搅拌机装料顺序。(1)Methodofcharging:◆Fivetotenpercentofthetotalquantityofwaterrequiredformixing,adequatetowetthedrumthoroughly,shallbeintroducedbeforetheotheringredientsinordertopercentanycakingofcementonthebladesorsidesofthemixer.（1）装料方法：◆在其他组成材料加入之前，用总的搅拌用水量的5%～10%，充分浸湿滚筒，可以降低搅拌叶片和滚筒内壁的粘灰率。◆Alldryingredientsshallbesimultaneouslyrebonnedintothemixerinsuchamannerthattheperiodofflowforeachingredientisaboutthesame.Eightytoninetypercentofthetotalquantityofwaterrequiredformixingshallbeaddeduniformlywiththedryingredients..◆80%～90%的总用水量要与干料均匀地拌合。Theremainingquantityofwatershallbeaddedafteralltheotheringredientsareinthemixer.Cobbles(['kɔbl]n.鹅卵石；中砾；圆石)orportionofthecoarseaggregate(粗集料，粗骨料),howevermaybeaddedlast.◆剩下的水要在所有其他组成材料全部进入搅拌机后加入。◆而卵石或粗骨料部分要最后加入。（2）搅拌时间搅拌时间应当遵循以下要求：搅拌机容量搅拌最少时间天然材料加工材料≥3立方米2分钟2.5分钟2立方米1.5分钟2分钟1立方米1.25分钟1.5分钟(2)timeofmixing:Themixingtimeshallbefollowedasperthefollowing:CapacityofMixerMinimumtimeofmixingNaturalManufacturedAggregateaggregate3cum.Orlarger2minutes21/2minutes2cum11/2minutes2minutes1cum11/4minutes11/2minutesHoweverforsmallmixermachinethetimeofmixingmaybesuitablyadjustedforobtaininghomogeneous([͵hɔməu′dӡi:njəs]ad.同种的,同类的,相似的；纯一的,均质的；均匀的)mix.不过，对于小型搅拌机的搅拌时间要适当调整到能够搅拌均匀。HandlingandConveyingThehandling＆conveyingofconcretefromthemixertotheplaceoffinaldepositshallbedoneasrapidlyaspracticableandwithoutanyobjectionableseparationorlossofingredients.Wheneverthelengthofhaulfromthemixingplanttotheplaceofdepositissuchthattheconcreteunduly(['ʌn'dju:li]ad.不适当地,过度地)compactsorsegregates,suitableagitators(['ædӡiteitə]n.搅拌器，搅拌机，搅抖装置)shallbeinstalledintheconveyingsystem.Whereconcreteisbeingconveyedonchutes([∫u:t]n.斜槽；滑槽；险陡滑道)oronbelts,thefreefallordropshallbelimitedto5ft.(or150cm.)unlessotherwisepermitted.Theconcreteshallbeplacedinpositionwithin30minutesofitsremovalfromthemixer.装卸输送混凝土混凝土从搅拌机到最终浇筑位置期间的装卸运输应当既快又好地完成，混凝土成份没有离析或损失。无论什么时候，从搅拌设备到浇筑地点之间的距离，不应使混凝土变稠或离析，运输系统中要安装合适的搅拌器。带进行传送，除非允许，否则自由下落高度应当控制在5英尺（或合150cm）。混凝土应当在30分钟内从搅拌机运送到浇筑地点。混凝土应通过斜槽或输PlacingConcreteNoconcreteshallbeplaceduntiltheplaceofdeposithasbeenthoroughlyinspectedandapproved,allreinforcement,inserts([in'sə:t]n.插入物；vt.插入)andembeddedmetalproperlysecurityinpositionandchecked,andformsthoroughlywetted(expectinfreezingweather)oroiled.Placingshallbecontinuedwithoutavoidableinterruptionwhilethesectioniscompletedorsatisfactoryconstructionjointmade.浇筑混凝土浇筑混凝土之前，浇筑地点必须经过完全的检查并经允许，所有钢筋、预埋件及内置金属恰当可靠地安装到位并经检查合格，模板完全浸湿（冰雪天气除外）或上油。有间断地连续进行，浇筑部分完整，或接缝可靠。浇筑混凝土应当没WithinFormsConcreteshallbesystematically([sɪstə'mætɪkəlɪ]ad.系统地，有系统地,有组织地,有条理地)depositedinshallowlayersandatsuchrateastomaintain,untilthecompletionoftheunit,aplasticsurfaceapproximatelyhorizontalthroughout.Eachlayershallbethoroughlycompactedbeforeplacingthesucceedinglayer.Ingeneral,thethicknessoflayersshallnotexceedthefollowinglimits.:(1)Vibratedmassconcrete45cm.(or18in.)(2)Handcompactedmassconcrete30cm.(or12in.)(3)Reinforcedconcrete25cm.(or10in.)入模混凝土应当有条理地按薄层浇筑，并保持这种的速度，直到浇筑完整个单元，整个单元的塑性表面大约水平。每一层混凝土应当在后一层浇筑前进行压实。通常，每一层的厚度不应当超过以下控制：（1）振动混凝土45cm（或18英尺）（2）人工压实混凝土30cm（或12英尺）（3）钢筋混凝土25cm（或10英尺）Thebatchesshallbedepositedverticallyinsuchamannerastoavoidsegregation([͵seɡri'ɡei∫ən]n.隔离，分离，离析偏析，被隔离的部分；),airpockets,ordamagetootherrecentlyplacedconcrete.Theconcreteshallnotbecausedtofloworbeworkedalongtheformsforanydistance,butshallbecompactedasclosetothepointofdepositaspracticable.Wherevernecessary,boththeformsandreinforcementshallbeprotectedagainstsplashing,andallaccumulationsofpartiallyset,fried,orcakedmortarwhichmayimpairthebondorshowinthefinishedfacesshallberemovedandwastedbeforecommencingconcretingoperations.整批混凝土应当垂直地浇筑，避免产生离析、气泡，或对新近浇筑的混凝土产生破坏。动（或人为移动），尽可能地使其在浇筑位置处压实。施工过程应避免浇筑的混凝土在模板中随意流中，要避免模板和钢筋的溅污，浇筑前，模板内的砂浆块等杂物应清除干净，否则浇筑混凝土的粘结强度和外观形貌都可以会受到影响。CompactingMethod。Concreteshallbethoroughlycompactedbymeansofsuitabletoolsduringandimmediatelyafterdepositing.Theconcreteshallbeworkedaroundallreinforcement,embeddedfixtures,andintothecomersoftheforms.Everyprecautionshallbetakentokeepthereinforcementandembeddedmetalinproperpositionandtopreventdistortion.密实方法混凝土在浇筑期间或立即在浇筑后利用合适的工具进行密实。混凝土应密实地包裹钢筋及内置夹具，填满新支设的模板空间。其变形。要采取措施保证钢筋和预埋金属的准确位置，以及防止Vibrating。Whereverpracticable,concreteshallbeinternallyvibratedwithintheforms,orinthemass,inordertoincreasetheplasticityastocompacteffectivelytoimprovethesurfacetextureandappearance,andtofacilitateplacingoftheconcrete..振捣混凝土浇筑过程中，应保证在模板内进行内部振捣,来增加其可塑性，便于混凝土的浇筑。而有效压实则可以改善混凝土表面组织及观感。混凝土的