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虚拟语气复习专题一、考点聚焦1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中(1)表示与现在事实相反的假设,条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式(be动词的过去式用were)”,而主句中的谓语动词用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。如:IfIwereaboy,Iwouldjointhearmy.Ifthehadtime,sheshouldgowithyou.(2)表示与过去的事实相反,条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时,主句中的谓语动词则用“would/should/might/could+have+过去分词”。如:Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,hewouldhavesucceededinthecompetition.(3)表示与将来事实相反,条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或should(wereto)+动词原形,而主句中的谓语动词则用would/should/couldmight+动词原形。如;Ifitweretoraintomorrow,thefootballmatchwouldbeputoff.(4)当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。如:Iftheyhadworkedhard,theywouldbeverytired.(从句说的是过去,主句指的是现在)以下表格是虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时,主句和从句谓语动词的形式:条件状语从句主句与过去事实相反had+过去分词should/would/could/might+have+过去分词与现在事实相反一般过去时(be用were)would/should/could/might+动词原形与将来事实相反一般过去时或should(wereto)+动词原形Would/should/cold/might+动词原形有时侯在使用时可省略if,句子则可换成下列形式,即“were/had/should+主语”。如:WereIaboy,Iwouldjointhearmy.Hadhetakenmyadvice,hewouldhavesucceeded.Wereitnotfortheexpense,IwouldgotoBritain.Ifitwerenotfor…与现在事实相反,ifithadnotbeenfor与过去事实相反,两个都相当于butfor/without:Ifithadnotbeenforhishelp(=butfor/withouthishelp),wewouldnothavesucceeded.介词或介词短语,如butfor,butthat,without,incaseof,undermorefavorablecondition等。Theleadershipoftheparty,wecouldnotbelivingahappytoday.=Iftherehadn’tbeentheleadershipoftheparty,wecouldnotbelivingahappytoday.A.InspiteofB.ButforC.BecauseofD.Asfor答案选B。Butthatshewasafraid,shewouldhavesaidno.2、虚拟语气在wish之后的使用(1)虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。①“wish+宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望,译为“要是……就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望,从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时;表示将来不能实现的愿望,从句中的谓语动词用“would/could+动词原形”;表示过去不能实现的愿望,从句中的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”或“could(should)+have+过去分词”。如:Iwishitwerespringalltheyearround.IwishIhadknowntheanswer.IwishIcouldflylikeabird.3、虚拟语气在asif/asthough之后的使用(1)虚拟语气在asif/asthough引导的表语从句或状语从句中,如果从句表示的动作发生在过去,用过去完成时;指现在状况,则用一般过去时;指将来状况则用过去将来could/woulddo时。如:Hediditasifhewereanexpert.Evenifshewerehere,shecouldnotsolvetheproblem.4、虚拟语气在名词性从句之后的使用一个坚持:insist两个命令:ordercommand三个建议:suggestadvisepropose四个要求:Demandaskrequirerequest等,在这些表示建议、要求、命令等的动词结合的名词性从句中都使用虚拟语气,从句中的谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形”。如:主语从句It’sorderedthatallthesoldiers(should)bepreparedforthebattle宾语从句Thegeneralorderedthatallthesoldiers(should)bepreparedforthebattle表语从句Theorderfromthegeneralisthatallthesoldiers(should)bepreparedforthebattle同位语从句Theorderthatallthesoldiers(should)bepreparedforthebattleisfromthegeneral5、虚拟语气在其它名词性从句之后的使用在主语从句中,谓语动词的虚拟语气用“(should)+动词原形”的结构,表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。如:Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)thatweshouldcleantheroomeveryday.Itwasapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)thatyoushouldbesocareless.Itwillbedesired(suggested,decided,ordered,requested,proposed,etc.)thatsheshouldfinishherhomeworkthisafternoon.注意:这种从句表示的是事实。如果说人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感,就可用虚拟语气。反之,如果不表示惊奇等情感,that从句也可用陈述句语气。如:Itispitythatyoucan’tswim.6、虚拟语气在定词性从句之后的使用这种从句常用于句型“Itis(high,about,right)time(that)…”中,定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were)或should+动词原形,意思是“(现在)该……”。如:It’stimethatIpickedupmydaughter.It’shightimeweweregoing.Itisrighttimethatweshouldgo.7、虚拟语气用在ifonly引导的感叹句中。遗憾过去的事情,谓语动词应该为haddone遗憾现在的事情,谓语动词应该为did/were遗憾将来的事情,谓语动词应该为could./woulddo如:IfonlyIwereabird.IfonlyIhadtakenhisadvice.8、虚拟语气用在wouldrather引导的从句中。(3)would(had)rather,和wouldprefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况,用过去完成时表示过去的情况,表示希望或婉转的责备。例如:I’dratheryoupostedtheletterrightaway.我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。Iwouldpreferhedidn’tstaytheretoolong.我倒希望他不要在那儿可得太久。Iwouldratheryouhadreturnedthebookyesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了9、虚拟语气用在evenif引导的状语从句中。在带有evenif/eventhough引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中,主句和从句都用虚拟语气,动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。如:Evenifhehadbeenill,hewouldhavegonethisoffice.即使生了病,他俩去办公室。10、混合虚拟语气有时主句和从句的谓语动词指不同的时间,这时需要用混合虚拟语气。一般来说,在这种情况下,主从句谓语动词指代的时间不同,所以我们又可以错综时间条件句,在这种虚拟情况,动词形式应根据实际情况灵活使用,在做这些题目时候尤其要注意每道题目的提示语:时间状语。绝大多数情况下,从句或者主句都有相关的时间状语,这是我解题的关键。Ifyouthatlatemovielastnight,youwouldn’tbesosleepy.A.haven’twatchedB.didn’twatchC.hadn’twatchedD.wouldn’thavewatched答案选C。Manydeadwouldnowbealiveiftheyhavenotattemptedtoreturnforsomething.HadPaulreceivedsixmorevotesinthelastelection,hewouldbeourchairmannow.混合虚拟语气还有一种情况就是事实和虚拟假设的混合句,这样的句子不仅仅是时间的不同,而重要是事实和假设的混合。Iwouldhavegonetovisithiminthehospitalhaditbeenatallpossible,butIwasfullyoccupiedthewholeoflastweek.该句前半部分是假设虚拟,而后半部分是事实的陈述。Yourmathinstructorwouldhavebeenhappytogiveyouamake-upexaminationhadyougoneandexplainedthatyourparentswereillatthetime.该句前半句用的是假设虚拟,后半句主句也用的是假设虚拟(如果你去并且解释的话),但是后半句的从句用的是事实语气,因为“父母病了”是客观事实,故不需要用虚拟形式hadbeen。11、含蓄虚拟条件句(1)介词或介词短语,如butfor,butthat,without,incaseof,undermorefavorablecondition等。Theleadershipoftheparty,wecouldnotbelivingahappytoday.=Iftherehadn’tbeentheleadershipoftheparty,wecouldnotbelivingahappytoday.A.InspiteofB.ButforC.BecauseofD.Asfor答案选B。Butthatshewasafraid,shewouldhavesaidno.(2)连词,如:sothat,unless,incase,supposing,lest,provided(倘若……),forfearthat(唯恐),inorderthat,onconditionthat,ifonly(要是……就好了)等。Shelistenedcarefullyinorderthatshemightdiscoverexactlywhathewanted.=ifshelistenedcarefully,shemightdiscoverexactlywhathewanted.IfonlyIhadmoremoney,Icouldbuyacar.(注:lest,forfearthat和incase引起的从句中谓语动词多用should+动词原形,但可以不用虚拟语气,而用动词的陈述语气形式。)例如:Theforeignteacherspokeslowlyincasewemisunderstoodhim.这位外籍教师说得很慢以免我们听不懂。Caremustbetakeninusingthi
本文标题:虚拟语气复习专题
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