西邮软件工程专业英语知识点汇总

MathematicalScienceofComputation:数学化的计算科学ExtremeScaleComputing:超大规模计算CloudComputing:云计算InternetofThings:物联网DataWarehouse:数据仓库Agent-OrientedSoftwareEngineering:面向智能体的软件工程SearchEngines:搜索引擎CMOS:ComplementaryMetal-Oxide-semiconductorTransistor互补金属氧化物半导体DARPA:DefanseAdvancedResarchProjectsAgency美国国国防部高级研究计划局DOE:theDepartmentofEnergy美国能源部MW:Megawatts百万瓦特，兆瓦DRAM：DynamicRandomAccessMemory动态随机存储器HDD:HardDiskDrive硬盘驱动器ASCR:AdvancedScientificComputingResearch先进科学计算研究URL:UniformResourceLocator统一资源定位符又叫网址IBM:InternationalBusinessMachinesCorporation国际商业机器公司SERP:SearchEngineResultsPage搜索引擎结果界面LAN:localareanetwork局域网ISP:InternetServiceProvider互联网服务提供商FiOS:freeintoowner'sstore自由进入业主商店IT:informationtechnology信息技术SaaS:SoftwareAsAService软件即服务AOL:AmericanOnline美国在线VoIP:VoiceoverInternetPhone网络语音电话业务PaaS:PlatformasaService平台即服务API:ApplicationProgrammingInterface,应用程序编程接口ADP:AutomaticDataProcessRF:radiofrequency无线电频率GPS:GlobalPositionsystem全球定位系统IaaS:InfrastructureasaService基础设施即服务MS:memorysystem存储系统VRML:VirtualRealityModelingLanguage）即虚拟现实建模语言RFID:RadioFrequencyIDentification射频识别技术IoT:InternetOfThings物联网R&D:researchanddevelopment研究与开发ETL:Extracting-TranslatingandLoading数据提取、转换和加载SQL:StructuredQueryLanguage结构化查询语言CIF:Cost,Insurance&Freight包括运费、保险费在内之到岸价SPA:SoftwarePublishersAssociation软件出版商协会MIT:MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology麻省理工FSF:FreeSoftwareFoundation自由软件基金会GNU:GNU'sNotUnix”一种与UNIX兼容的软件系统GSM:globalsystemformobilecommunications全球移动通信GPRS:GeneralPacketRadioService通用分组无线服务技术OFDM:OrthogonalFrequencyDivisionMultiplexing即正交频分复用技术CDMA:CodeDivisionMultipleAccess分吗多重连接，又称码分多址TDMA：TimeDivisionMultipleAccess时分多址3GPP:The3rdGenerationPartnershipProject第三代合作伙伴项目WiMax:WorldwideInteroperabilityforMicrowaveAccess全球微波互联接入1（1）Accordingthetext,theentitiesthatComputerSciencedealswithmaynotincludeA)Problems.B)Procedures.C)Programminglanguages.D)Computers.（2）Accordingthetext,whatisoneofthefirsttopicsincomputerscience?A)Whattheseelementaryproceduresmaybe?B)Howmorecomplexproceduresareconstructedfromelementaryprocedures?C)Howtounderstandaproblemcompletely?D)Whatelementaryproceduresmaybe,andhowmorecomplexproceduresareconstructedfromthem?（3）Whichofthestatementsfollowsdescribestherelationshipbetweenproceduresandprogramminglanguages.A)Thesameproceduremayberepresentedbydifferentprogramsindifferentprogramminglanguages.B)Theproblemoftranslatingproceduresfromoneprogramminglanguagetoanotheriseasy.C)Theproblemofdefiningaprogramminglanguagesemanticallycanbesolvedbystatingwhatprocedurestheprogramsrepresent.D)Computersciencemuststudyhowproceduresarerepresentedbycomputerprograms.（4）Whichofthefollowingstatementsiswrongfordescribingtherelationshipofproceduretodataspaceandprogramminglanguages?A)Proceduresoperateonmembersofcertaindataspacesandproducemembersofotherdataspaces.B)Programsaresymbolicexpressionsrepresentingprocedures.C)Thesameproceduremayberepresentedbydifferentprogramsindifferentprogramminglanguages.D)Programminglanguagesareconstructedfromdifferentprocedure.(5)Accordingthetext,whichofthefollowingstatementsiswrongaboutcomputer?A)Computersarefiniteautomata.B)Acomputerisdefinedbytheeffectofexecutingaprogramwithgiveninputonthestateofitsmemoryandonitsoutputs.C)Muchoftheworkonthetheoryoffiniteautomataisfruitfulwhenitisappliedtocomputation.D)Mostofthecurrentworkonautomatatheoryisbesidethepointofcomputerscience.(6)Accordingthetextofsection4,whichofthefollowingstatementiswrong?A)Wewouldlikeamathematicaltheoryinwhicheverytruestatementaboutprocedureswouldhaveaneasyshortproof.B)Thereisnocompletemathematicaltheoryofcomputation.C)Wehopeforatheorywhichisadequateforpracticalpurposes,likeprovingthatcompilerswork.D)Aninteger-freeformalismfordescribingcomputationshasbeendevelopedandcanbeusedtoproveaprocedureterminates.(7)Whatimportantresultshavebeenobtainedrelevanttoamathematicalsciencefcomputation?A)ThenotionofacomputablefunctionwasclarifiedbyTuring.B)Muchoftheworkonthetheoryoffiniteautomatahasbeendone.C)Existenceofclassesofunsolvableproblems.D)Amachinetobeasintelligentasahuman.(8)Whatkindofworkdoestheauthorsuggestnottosolvebymathematicsscienceofcomputation?A)Confirmingeachfeatureofaprogramminglanguageisworthitscost.B)Provingaprogrammeetsitsspecifications,Insteadofdebuggingit.C)Checkingeachstepofprogrambyhuman.D)Betterunderstandingofthestructureofcomputationsandofdataspaces.21.Whatiswrongaboutexascalecomputing?BCA)exascalecomputingisaimingfor1,000,000,000,000,000,000calculationspersecond.B)exascalecomputingisbasedonvectorarchitectures.C)exascalecomputingareusingtenstohundredsofthousandsofprocessorsfromthePCandUnixmarkets.D)Allabove.2.AccordingtoDARPAExaScaleComputingStudy,whatisnotthekeytechnologychallenges?BA)MemoryandStorageChallenge.B)ClockfrenquencyChallenge.C)ConcurrencyandLocalityChallengeD)ResiliencyChalleng.3.WhatareahasbeenidentifiedthatwillnotbebeneficialbyexascalecomputingintheDOEtownhallsandworkshops?DA)Energyresearch,B)EnvironmentalsustainabilityC)NationalsecurityD)Economy4.whatwillnotneedexascalecomputing?DA)cloudcomputingsystemsB)solvinghighlycomplexprobl