非谓语动词专题讲义

非谓语动词【非谓语动词】构成：（to）+动词原形动词不定式非在句中的作用（除谓语动词外的任何成分）谓构成：V.-ing语动名词动用法（主、宾、表、定）词构成：V.-ing/V.-ed（规则变化）分词用法（表、补、定、状）（一）动词不定式一、动词不定时的构成不定时的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以不用to，这里的to是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是not+（to+）动词原形。二、动词不定式的句法功能功能例句说明主语TospeakEnglishisnoteasyforus=ItisnoteasyforustospeakEnglish.讲英语对我们来说不容易。作主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。表语Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.=Tocleantheroomeverydayismywork.我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主语。宾语—Whatsportsdoesheliketoplay?他喜欢做什么运动？—Helikestoplaybasketball.他喜欢打篮球。只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。宾补Mymothermademeplaythepianoallthetime.我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to。定语Haveyougotanythingtosay?你有要说的吗？不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。状语I'msorrytotroubleyou.（表原因）很抱歉，给你添麻烦了。IwenttothelibrarytostudyEnglish.（表目的）不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。1.不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末其结构为：It+be+adj.（+for/ofsb.）+动词不定式如：TolearnEnglishwellisuseful.→ItisusefultolearnEnglishwell.It’simportantforustoprotecttheenvironment.注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。如：It'sverykindofyoutohelpme.你帮助我真是太好啦。It'sverycleverofyoutodolikethat.你那样做真是太聪明啦。2.不定式作宾语①
有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：wouldlike,like,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect等。如：Wouldyouliketoseeafilmthisevening?你今晚想去看电影吗？②在find,think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。如：IfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday.③常见的一些不带to的动词不定式Whynotdo...,Whydon'tyoudo...,hadbetter（not）do...,wouldratherdo,could/would/willyouplease（not）do...Iwouldratherstayintheroom.我宁愿待在房间里。3.不定式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如：Lucyaskedhimtoturndowntheradio.露西让他关小收音机。tell,ask,want,allow,get,wouldlike,encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：MymotherencouragesmetolearnJapanese.我妈妈鼓励我学日语。注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：一感（feel）、二听（hear,listento）、三让（let,make,have）、四看（lookat,see,watch,notice）。但变被动语态时，必须加上to。如：Myfriendsweremadetoworkthewholenightbytheboss.老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。4.不定式作定语①不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。②如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。Thereisnothing(名词)toworry（不及物动词）about（适当的介词）.没有什么可担心的。5.不定式常和疑问词what,which,when,where,how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如：Theteacheristellingthestudentswhattodo.老师正告诉学生们做什么。Hedidn'tknowwheretogo.他不知道去哪里。（二）动名词一、动名词的构成：动名词一般由“动词原形+ing”构成二、动名词的句法功能功能例句说明主语Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.吃得太多对你的健康有害。谓语动词用单数形式。宾语动词宾语Ilikeplayingbasketballverymuch.我非常喜欢打篮球。Stampsareusedforsendingletters.邮票是被用来寄信表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。介词宾语的。表语Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.=Collectingstampsishishobby.多数情况下，动名词作表语可转化成作主语。定语Sheisinthereadingroom.她在阅览室。Weshouldimproveourteachingmethods.我们应该改进教学方法。只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。注意：英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。我们初中阶段常见的有：finish,mind,beworth,bebusy,practice,havefun,havetrouble/problem（in）,spend...（in）,feellike,beusedto（习惯于）,giveup,keepon,consider,suggest,can'thelp。我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词。完成实践值得忙（finish,practice,beworth,bebusy）继续习惯别放弃（keepon,beusedto,giveup）考虑建议不禁想（consider,suggest,can'thelp,feellike）喜欢思念要介意（enjoy,miss,mind）（三）分词现在分词V—ing过去分词V—ed（规则）Partone基础检测题1Iwouldlikeyou_____forapicnicwithus.A.goB.togoC.goingD.went2Theteachersoftentelltheirpupils___acrosstheroadwhenthetrafficlightisred.A.notgoB.nottogoC.donotgoD.didnotgo3Dannydidallkindsofthingstomakethebaby____-.A.tostopcryingB.stopcryingC.tostoptocryD.stoptocry4ChineseathletesdidagreatjobintheWinterOlympicsinCanada.Itcanencouragepost-90s(90后).A.workharderB.workedharderC.workingharderD.toworkharder5Janeisgettingfatter,soherfatheradviseher__moreexercise.A.totakeB.nottotakeC.howtotakeD.whytotake6---Wedonothavemuchhomeworkthisweekend.Shallwegoouttogether?----OK.Whatabout____amovie?A.toseeB.seeingC.seeD.sees7James,Iamtootired.Letusstop____arest.A.havingB.haveC.tohavingD.tohave8WhileIwaswalkingalongthelake,Isawsomefish___outofthewater.A.jumpedB.tojumpC.jumpingD.arejumping9---CanIhelpyou,dear?-----Yeah,Idonotknow___abananamilkshake.Maybeyoucanteachme.A.whattodoB.whentodoC.howtodoD.whytodo10Wethinkitisdifficult___them___thecharitywalkwithoutteamspirit.A.for;tofinishB.of;tofinishC.for;finishingD.of;finishing11----Whatdidsheforgetwhensheleftforhome?-----_______thebook.A.TakingB.TookC.TakeD.Totake12---Tony,Ihavetrouble____thetest.----Remember___itthreetimesatleast.A.tounderstand;readingB.understanding;readingC.understanding;toreadD.tounderstand;toread13----Howwouldyourfamilytotravel?----Itisaprobleminmyfamily.Motherprefertotakeabustotravel,whilefatheralwayssticks_____totravel.A.todriveB.todrivingC.drivingD.drive14---Wouldyouliketohavesomefruit?--------No,thanks.Idonotfeellike____anythingnow.A.eatB.eatingC.toeatD.ate15----Marydancesbestinourschool.-------Iagree.Iwillneverforget____herdanceforthefirsttime.A.seeingB.toseeC.seeD.seen16Richardturnedoffthecomputerafterhehadfinished___theemail.A.writeB.towriteC.writingD.wrote17BeforegoingtotheHistoryMuseum,ourteachertoldus___thepublicrules.A.obeyB.toobeyC.obeyingD.obeyed18JustbeforetheChineseclass,IsuddenlyrealizedthatIforget___myChinesetextbook.A.bringB.bringingC.andbringD.tobring19Mothertoldherson___inthestreet.A.notplayB.notplayingC.nottoplay20Tom,yourhairistoolong,andyoushouldhaveit___thisweekend.A.cuttedB.cutC.tocutD.cutting21---Howaboutgoingshoppingthisweekend,peter?-----Sorry.Iprefer___ratherth