第6讲名词.

词法词汇分类词形变化词汇搭配实词：名词、动词、形容词虚词：代词、数词、冠词副词连词、介词、感叹词名词的数、名词的格及其限定词动词时态、语态及语气形容词、副词比较等级固定搭配非固定搭配第6讲EnglilshNouns名词分类名词的数和主谓一致名词属格名词限定词名词Inthephotos,wecanseetheNegroesareeatingtomatoesandpotatoes,Ilikethesedishesbutthecupforteaistoosmall.Step1Lead-in思考：上面句中斜体部分的名词形式有些什么样的变化？主语和谓语的变化又有什么样的联系？看看下列句子，考虑一下它们是否存在单复数的变化和主谓一致的问题：a.Mychildhasnointentionofspendingavacationwithme.b.Theonlypeoplewhoareinterestedinthebookseemtobelawyersc.Billiard(桌球)isbecomingmoreandmorepopularinsomecities.名词的数Step2Explanation可数名词：能用数目计算的名词，通常情况下个体名词不可数名词：不能用数目计算的名词，通常情况下物质名和集体名词属于可数名词。词和抽象名词属于不可数名词。(countablenouns)(uncountablenouns)可数名词的单复数形式如何变化？不可数名词的数量是如何表达的？主谓一致主谓一致（Subject-VerbConcord）：即谓语动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致。简单地说就是主语是单数时，谓语动词就用单数形式，主语是复数时，谓语动词就用复数形式。主谓一致必须遵循哪三种原则？1.GrammaticalConcord语法一致原则:即主语单复数形式与谓语动词要一致。1.Bothboys______(have)theirownmerits.2.Fewstudents______(be)reallylazy.3.Eitheranswer____(be)correct.4.Mucheffort____(be)wasted.5.JaneandMary______(look)healthyandstrong．6.Thenumberofmistakes________(be)surprising．7.TheLeaguesecretaryandmonitor__________(ask)tomakeaspeechatthemeetingyesterday.8.Readingandwriting（be）veryimportant.9.Theironandsteelindustry(be)veryimportanttoourlife.10.Plasticsandrubbernever_____(rot)．haveareisislookwas/iswasaskedisisrot11.Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearly____(be)agoodhabit．12.Theteachertogetherwithsomestudents(be)visitingthefactory.13.HeaswellasI(want)togoboating.14.Weeach(have)atape-recorder.15.There(be)somethingwrongwithmywatch.16.Onlyoneoutoffive_____(be)present.17.Manyaperson(everread)thenovel.18.Betweenthetwowindows______(hang)apicture．19.Nooneexcepthisownsupporters_______(agree)withhim.isiswantshaveiswerehaseverreadhangsagrees2.NotionalConcord1.Thegovernment___________ask)thecountrytodecidebyavote.2.Thecrowd___________(run)fortheirlives．3.Hisfamily_______(be)notverylarge.4.Hisfamily______(be)musiclovers.5.______(be)thereanypolicearound?haveaskedarerunningisareAre集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family,audience,crew,crowd,class,company,committee,government等词表示复数意义时，意为这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时表示该集体。但集合名词people,police,cattle等在任何情况下都表示复数意义。同时还须特别注意英语中某些单复数同形的词（如deer,sheep,fish等）。意义一致原则:即主语单复数意义与谓语动词要一致。6.Fifteenmiles_______(seem)likealongwalktome.7.Fifty-sixdollars__________(steal)fromthecashregisterlastnight.8.Theysaidthreeweeks(be)allowedformakingthenecessarypreparations.9.Tenyuan(be)enough.10.Thenews______(be)veryexciting．11.Thesteelworks_______(lie)inthesuburbs.12.TheArabianNights(be)abookknowntoloversofEnglish.seemswasstolenwasisisliesis主语形式为复数而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。形复意单的英语单词有：disease,games,Subjectsendingwith–ics,countryname以及表示时间、度量、货币等意义的名词。13.Noneofthem(have)seenthefilm.14._________anyofyouknowhisaddress?has/haveDo/Does15.Allofthewater(be)gone.16.All_____(be)present．Let’sbeginthemeeting．17.Someoftheenergythat____(use)bymancomesfromthesun．18.Thosewho_____(want)togopleasenamehere．19.Mostofhismoney(be)spentonbooks.20.Mostofthestudents(be)takinganactivepartinsports.21.Anumberofbooks(lend)out.22.ThenumberofthestudentswholikeEnglish(be)quitelarge.23.Themajorityofthestudents(like)English.24.Morethan60percentofthestudentsinourclass(be)fromthecity.25.Yourshoesareblack,butmine_____(be)brown．26.Such____(be)ourplan．27.Shewastheonlyoneofthegirlswho__(be)lateforthemeeting.28.Who_____(live)nextdoor?ItisZhangandLiu．29.Whatheneeds____games,butwhatIneed__(be)moretime．isareisusedwantisarehavebeenlentislikeareareiswasliveareis代词all,none,some,any,such,more,most,half,rest,part,ours……等词的单复数由其所指代的名词的单复数决定，作主语时，如果表示的是复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；反之，用单数。30.Joe’snewtrousers________(be)blackandwhite.31.Onepairofscissors_____(be)notenough.32.Twopairsofpliers(钳子),onelargeandonesmall,______(be)missingfrommytoolbox.areisare英语中表示由两部分构成的名词（如scissors,pliers/pincers,glasses,socks,shorts,trousers,suspenders（吊带裤）作主语时，谓语动词一般要用复数形式。33.Thedeparted(死者)_____(be)awell-knownengineer．34.Theblind_______(study)inspecialschools．wasstudy主语由“the+形容词或过去分词”结构充当时,谓语通常用复数。这类词有；thebrave，thepoor，therich，theblind，theyoung，theold,thesick，thedead，thedeafanddumb，theoppressed，theinjured,thewounded,theunemployed等；3.PrincipleofProximity就近原则:即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的名词或名词词组的数。1.There(be)apen,aknifeandseveralbooksonthedesk.2.Here____(be)apen,afewenvelopsandsomepaperforyou.3.Eitheryouorshe_____(be)togo.4.Neitherthestudentsnortheirteacher______(know)this．5.Eithermybrothersormyfather_____(be)coming.6.Notonlyallthestudentsbutalsotheirteacher________(go)toseethefilmthisafternoon.isisisknowsisisgoing用连词or，either…or，neither...nor，notonly…butalso,等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。但是，either，neither单独作主语时，谓语通常用单数。Completethestorywithproperverbforms,payingattentiontotheprinciplesofSubject-VerbConcord?AnewhouseIhadaletterfrommysisteryesterday.She_____(live)inNigeria.Inherletter,shesaidthatshewouldcometoEnglandthenextyear.Ifshe______(come),shewillgetasurprise.Nowwe__________(live)inabeautifulnewhouseinthecountry.Theworkonithadbegunbeforemysisterleft.Thehouse______________(complete)fivemonthsago.Inmyletter,Itoldherthatshecouldstaywithus.Thehouse_____(have)manylargeroomsandthere______(be)alovely