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SonnetbyW.ShakespearePoeticMeterMeter音歩referstotherhythmofalineofpoetry.Afoot韵脚isthebasicunitoftheunderlyingrhythmofapoem.Afootconsistsofacertainnumberofsyllables(orbeats)formingpartofalineofverse.TheSonnetsMostofthesonnetsareaddressedtoabeautifulyoungman,arivalpoet,andadark-hairedlady.Sonnets1-126focusonayoungmanandthespeaker'sfriendshipwithhim,andSonnets127-52focusonthespeaker'srelationshipwithawoman.莎士比亚十四行诗大约创作于1590年至1598年之间,其诗作的结构技巧和语言技巧都很高,几乎每首诗都有独立的审美价值。诗集分为两部分,第一部分为前126首,献给一个年轻的贵族(FairLord),诗人的诗热烈地歌颂了这位朋友的美貌以及他们的友情;第二部分为第127首至最后,献给一位“黑女士”(DarkLady),描写爱情。Today,inclass,wewillexploretwosonnetstogether:oneaddressedtotheFairYouthandoneaddressedtotheDarkLady.Sonnet18oftenalternatelytitledShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday?,isoneofthebest-knownof154sonnetswrittenbytheEnglishplaywrightandpoetWilliamShakespeare.RhymeScheme:ababcdcdefefggMetricalPattern:iambicpentameterShakespeare’sSonnet18ShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate:能不能让我来把你比作夏日?你可是更加可爱,更加温婉;yougentleYouareShakespeare’sSonnet18RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,Andsummer’sleasehathalltooshortadate:狂风会吹落五月里开的好花儿,夏季租出的日子又未免太短暂:charming;pleasinghasduration,timeallottedalimitedperiodoftimeShakespeare’sSonnet18SometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshinesAndoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmed;有时候苍天的巨眼照得太灼热,他那金彩的脸色也会被遮暗;sometimes,fromtimetotimethesunnotbrightnaturalcolorandappearanceoftheskinofthefaceShakespeare’sSonnet18Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,Bychanceornature’schangingcourseuntrimm’d;每一样美呀,总会离开美而凋落,被时机或者自然的代谢所摧残;everybeautifulthingorpersonfrombeautyfortunestrippedofbeautyUntrimmedbychance,ornature’schangingcourseShakespeare’sSonnet18Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade,Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow’st;但是你永久的夏天决不会凋枯,你永远不会失去你美的形相;existingforeverlosecolor,freshnessorvigorowestownShakespeare’sSonnet18Norshalldeathbragthouwander’stinhisshade,Whenineternallinestotimethougrow’st:死神夸不着你在他影子里踯躅,你将在不朽的诗中与时间同长;wanderboastthougrow’sttotimegrow—growestShakespeare’sSonnet18Solongasmencanbreathe,oreyescansee,Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.只要人类在呼吸,眼睛看得见,我这诗就活着,使你的生命绵延。thispoemNext莎士比亚古英语与现代英语区别对照thee〓you(宾格),thou〓you(主格),art〓are,hath〓has,sometime〓sometimes,thy〓yourSonnet18:1stQuatrain1.ShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?2.Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate:3.RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,4.Andsummer’sleasehathalltooshortadate;1.Whois“thee?”Basedonthefirstline,whatcanweexpecttofollow?2.“Temperate”meansmoderateorbalanced.So,isthepersonaddressedbetterorworsethana“summer’sday?”3.Whathumancharacteristicmightthe“roughwinds”besymbolize?Whatcriticismofsummerdoestheauthormake?Whichtwothingsareopposites,accordingtothefirstquatrain?Sonnet18:2ndQuatrain5.Sometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines,6.Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmed;7.Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,8.Bychanceornature’schangingcourseuntrimmed.5.WhatdoyouthinkShakespearemeansby“eyeofheaven?”6.Whose“goldcomplexion?”7.Whatishurtbya“summer’sday?”“Untrimmed”means“lossofbeauty”or“strippedofgayapparel.”So,whatistheoveralleffectofsummer?Inthesecondquatrain,Shakespeareusesnatureasametaphorforwhat?Sonnet18:3rdQuatrain9.Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade,10.Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow’st;11.Norshalldeathbragthouwander’stinhisshade,12.Whenineternallinestotimethougrow’st:9.Forwhatis“eternalsummer”ametaphor?10.Ofwhatwilltheyouthnot“losepossession?”Whatseemsironic(orcontradictory)aboutthisline?HowdoesShakespearesuggesttheyouthwillcontinueto“grow’st?”Shakespeareseemstothink,fromlines11and12,thatapersoncanliveeternally,untouchedbydeath.Howisthispossible?Sonnet18:FinalCouplet13.Solongasmencanbreatheoreyescansee,14.Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.13.Summarizethemeaning.14.Whatis“this?”Whatgiveslifetotheyouth?Nodirectanswerisgiventothefirstquestionofthe1stquatrain.ButShakespeareoffersusanindirectanswer.Whatdoyouthinkitis?Ow'stinlinetencanalsocarrytwomeaningsownestandowest.Manyreadersinterpretitasownest,asdomanyShakespeareanglosses(oweinShakespeare'sday,wassometimesusedasasynonymforown).However,owestdeliversaninterestingviewonthetext.Itconveystheideathatbeautyissomethingborrowedfromnature—thatitmustbepaidbackastimeprogresses.Thepoemstartswithaflatteringquestiontothebeloved—ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday?Thebelovedisbothmorelovelyandmoretemperatethanasummer'sday.Thespeakerlistssomenegativethingsaboutsummer:itisshort—summer'sleasehathalltooshortadate—andsometimesthesunistoohot—Sometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines.ParaphraseParaphraseHowever,thebelovedhasbeautythatwilllastforever,unlikethefleetingbeautyofasummer'sday.Byputtinghislove'sbeautyintotheformofpoetry,thepoetispreservingitforever.Solongasmencanbreathe,oreyescansee,Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.Thelover'sbeautywillliveon,throughthepoemwhichwilllastaslongasitcanberead.唯有文学可以和时间抗衡的思想。文学是人所创造的业绩,同时宣告人的伟大和不朽。在中古教会的眼里,人不但不是伟大的,而且是生来有罪的,是人却将他从孽种升到几乎与天使相等的地位。大胆表达了英国文艺复兴时期人文主义新思想。Animportantthemeofthesonnet(asitisanimportantthemethroughoutmuchofthesequence)isthepowerofthespeaker’spoemtodefytimeandlastforever,car
本文标题:Shall-I-compare-thee-to-a-summers-day
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