I-Wandered-Lonely-as-a-Cloud-----赏析

IWanderedLonelyasaCloud我独自漫游似浮云WilliamWordsworth诗人生平WilliamWordsworth(1770～1850)，英国诗人，1770年4月7日生于英格兰西北部昆布兰郡科克茅斯的一个律师之家，1850年4月23日卒于里多蒙特。8岁丧母，6年后，父亲也离开了他。在两个叔叔的资助下，他进入家乡附近的寄宿学校学习，1787年至1791年就读于剑桥大学。诗人简介与SamuelTaylorColeridge、RobertSoother同被称为“湖畔派”诗人（LakePoets）。他们也是英国文学中最早出现的浪漫主义作家。Wordsworth在1843年被任命为“桂冠诗人”。诗人的灵感来自于妹妹多萝西的一段文字，这段文字描述了兄妹二人某次外出途中看到的水仙花群在风中起舞的景象。“IWanderedLonelyasaCloud”waswrittenbyWilliamWordsworth,therepresentativepoetoftheearlyromanticism.Asagreatpoetofnature,WilliamWordsworthwasthefirsttofindwordsforthemostelementarysensationsofmanfacetofacewithnaturalphenomena.Thesesensationsareuniversalandoldbut,onceexpressedinhispoetry,becomecharminglybeautifulandnew.Hisdeeplovefornaturerunsthroughshortlyricssuchas“IWanderedLonelyasaCloud”.SummaryThespeakersaysthat,wanderinglikeacloudfloatingabovehillsandvalleys,heencounteredafieldofdaffodilsbesidealake.Thedancing,flutteringflowersstretchedendlesslyalongtheshore,andthoughthewavesofthelakedancedbesidetheflowers,thedaffodilsoutdidthewateringlee.Thespeakersaysthatapoetcouldnothelpbutbehappyinsuchajoyfulcompanyofflowers.Hesaysthathestaredandstared,butdidnotrealizewhatwealththescenewouldbringhim.Fornow,wheneverhefeels“vacant”or“pensive,”thememoryflashesupon“thatinwardeye/Thatistheblissofsolitude,”andhisheartfillswithpleasure,“anddanceswiththedaffodils.”CompositionandThemeThefoursix-linestanzasofthispoemfollowaquatrain-coupletrhymescheme:ABABCC.Eachlineismeterediniambictetrameter.LikemostworksbyWordsworth,itisromanticinnature;thebeautyofnature,unkemptbyhumanity,andareconciliationofmanwithhisenvironment,aretwoofthefundamentalprinciplesoftheromanticmovementwithinpoetry.Theplotofthepoemissimple.Wordsworthbelieveditanelementaryfeelingandsimpleimpression.Iwanderedlonelyasacloud我似流云天自游Iwanderedlonelyasacloud我独游于天际，如一朵流云Thatfloatsonhigho'ervalesandhills,凌空于谷峰，飘然然悠闲。WhenallatonceIsawacrowd,忽地，我看见了一群，Ahost,ofgoldendaffodils;一簇簇金黄色的水仙；Besidethelake,beneaththetrees,看在树之荫，湖之缘，Flutteringanddancinginthebreeze.在微风中，她们舞姿翩翩。Wordsworth,inthepoem,employsfigurativelanguagetoevokenotonlythevisualeffectbutalsotheemotionalresponse.e.g.inline1,thepoetmakesacomparisonbetween“Iwanderedlonely”and“acloud”bytheuseofsimile,thusconveytoushislonelyandmelancholymoodwiththeimageof“cloud”.What’smore,Wordsworthgoesfurthertocommunicatehisemotionandmeaningbyhisthoughtfultone.Thechooseoftheword“lonely”in“Iwanderedlonelyasacloud”insteadofotherwordslikecarefree,leisureorjollyconveytousthepoet’sdepressionanddisconsolatenessattheverybeginning.Butashecatchessightofdaffodilsstretchingasfarastheeyescanseeandfindshimselfinthemidstofnature,hislonelinessturnsintorelaxationandjoy.Thustheshiftofthepoet’smoodfromsadnesstohappinessmanifeststhetheme---thegreatinfluenceofnatureuponhumanbeing.Inthepoem“IWanderedLonelyasaCloud”,thepoetmakesgreatuseofthe“music”ofthelanguagetoachievesoundbeautyinadditiontoconveymeaning.Heemploysmasculinerhymein“a,b,a,b,c,c”patterntoreceiveemphasisasamusicaleffect.(e.g.“cloud”(a),“hills”(b),“crowd”(a),“daffodils”(b),“trees”(c),“breeze”(c)instanza1).Healsoachievesmusicalqualitybythemanagementofalliteration(e.g.“Thatfloatsonhigho’ervalesandhills”inline2and“Besidethelake,beneaththetrees”inline5)andassonance(e.g.“beneaththetreesinline5”“Theystretchedinnever-endingline”inline9)andconsonance(e.g.“valesandhills”inline2).Anoldsayinggoes“Therearepicturesinpoetryandpoetryinpictures”.ItfindsitsmosteloquentexamplesinmostoftheChineseTangpoemsthatpresentthereaderswithbeautifulpictures.Inthispoem,thepoetalsoseekstoexpresshisemotionsbyprovidingthesenseimpressionshehasthroughimagery.Hedepictsapictureinwhich“ahostofgoldendaffodils(visualimagery)flutteringanddancinginthebreeze”(kinaestheticimagery动觉意象)sovividlythatitappealsrichlytooursensesandtoourimagination.ContinuousasthestarsthatshineAndtwinkleonthemilkyway,Theystretchedinnever-endinglineAlongthemarginofabay:TenthousandsawIataglance,Tossingtheirheadsinsprightlydance.它们连绵不断，像银河中的群星闪烁、眨眼，它们展延无限成远景沿着湖湾的边沿：一瞥眼我看见成千上万，它们欢快摇首舞翩翩。近旁的波浪跳着舞但水仙欢快的舞姿远远胜过闪光的波浪诗人怎能不心花怒放有这样欢快的伴侣我凝视着—凝视着—当时并未领悟这景象给我带来的是何等财富Thewavesbesidethemdanced,buttheyOut-didthesparklingwavesinglee:ApoetcouldnotbutbegayInsuchajocundcompany:Igazed-andgazed-butlittlethoughtWhatwealththeshowtomehadbrought.Inline7,healsoamplifiesthevisualeffectbytheuseofanothersimile“Continuousasthestarsthatshine…”toevokeoursenseof“daffodils”withtheimageof“stars”twinklingonthemilkywaywhichisfamiliartousall.Thememoryofthedaffodilsisgivenpermanence,particularlythroughcomparisonthestars.Thisisincontrasttothetransitorynatureoflifeexaminedinotherworks.Hegoesfurthertoimpressuswiththeimageofcountlessdaffodilswithanoverstatementinline9“Theystretchedinnever-endingline”).Thereversalofusualsyntaxinphrases,particularlyTenthousandsawIataglanceisusedaspartofforegrounding(foremphasis).Loneliness,itseems,isonlyahumanemotion,unlikethemeresolitarinessofthecloud.Besides,naturalthingsarealsoendowedwithhumanbeing’scharactersbythepoet’ssubtleuseofpersonification.(e.g.“Tossingtheirheadsinsprightlydance”“Thewavesbesidethemdanced”)Ther