英语,学士学位自考书第四单元

UnitFourHealthTextATheBellyFat-StressConnectionMostpeoplelookasbodyfatasanenemyandtheyshouldtoacertainextent.However,inunderstandinghowtobeatbellyfat,ithelpstounderstandthegeneticallyengineeredreasonsthatwestorebodyfatthewaywedoandthedifferencesberweenmodernlifeandthewayourancestorslived.Itakkstartedwithsimplesurvival.Withouttheabilitytoeasilysrorefatsomeofuswouldnotevenbehereonthisearthtoday,sothankyourancestorsforimprovingthehardinessofyourfamily’sgenepoolandkeepingyouinthemix.Despitefat’svalueintheevolutionaryschemeofthings,excessbellyfatcancausemanyproblemsandI’mnottalkingaboutwhetheryoucantieyourskin-hasbeenassociatedinrecentyearswithallkindsofhealthproblemsrangingfromheartdisease,tostrokesandtodiabetes.Fatcanbecosmeticallyfrustrating,butbellyfatcanalsobedeadly.Genderisonefactorthataffectswhereyoustoreyourfat.Menstoremostofitintheirbelly,whilewomenstoremorefatintheirhipsandthighs.Womenstorebodyfatinthelowerbodybecauseofchildbirthandhormonalreasons.Butwhydoesthefatgotheresoquicklyandeasily?Whydoesn’titjustevenitselfoutallacrossthebodyratherthanconcentratinginoneunsightlyarea?Andwhydowegetbellyfatinthefirstplace?Obviously,thefirstreasoniscaloricexcess.Thatisalwaystrueinmalesandinfemales,sobeforeyoustartpointingyourfingeratgender,hormonesoranythingelse,lookathowmuchyou’reeatingeverydayfirst.Attheriskofcontinuingtostatetheobvious,thesecondreasonisnotenoughexercise.Intoday’smoderntechnologicallyadvancedsociety,wedonotworklikeourgrandparentsdid,andourwaistlinesshowit(在今天的现代科技发达的社会中，我们与祖辈的工作方式有了很大不同，从我们的腰围上就能看出来).Ialsobelievethatinoursocietytoday,wearemuchmorestressedoutthanourancestorswere.Sure,therewerefightorflightsituationsinthenaturalenvironmentwhichwenolongerhavetoday,butthoseoccasionalnaturalphenomenahavenowbeenreplacedbycontinuousdailystressfromourregulardailyworkload（当然了，过去的那些在自然环境中所存在的“战斗还是逃跑”的情况已经不复存在了，但这些偶然的自然现象正在被不断来袭的日常工作负担所取代，了解fightorflight）.Combinethatwiththereducedexerciseandincreasedportionsizesandavailabilityoffood,andcouldthisbeathirdreasonforbellyfat?Expertsargueaboutwhetherstresscausesfat,butthereisnoquestionthatstresscorrelateshighlywithfatanditcreatesasituation-bothenvironmentallyandhormonally-thatishighlyconductivetoincreasingfat.Becauseofthenatureofstresshormonessuchascortisol,thecommonresultofsedentarylifestylecombinedwithrefinedfoods,thecaloricsurplusisstoredasvisceralbodyfatandourbelliesbegintobulge.(由于如皮质醇这类压力荷尔蒙的本性，久坐的生活习惯加上精致食物及多余卡路里的共同结果就是堆积成内脏身体脂肪，且肚子会开始凸出。)Moreandmoreresearchisstartingtoexplain,scientifically,howhighlevelsofstressultimatelyleadtoincreasedbodyfat.InapaperpublishedinthejournalHormonalMetabolicResearchGreekresearcherssaidthatstressmayaffectthethyroidbyinhibitingtheconversionofT4intothebiologicallyactiveform,T3.Theyalsonotedthatwhilestresscausesageneralizedcatabolicstate,theextendedactionofachemicalonthemetabolicpathwayseventuallyleadstoincreasedvisceralbodyfataccumulation.Infact,numerousresearchersnowpointatcentralobesityasthedistinguishingfactorinmetabolicsyndrome.Soalthoughwemaynotbeyosaythatstresscausesbellyfatliterally,thereisveryclearlyastrongassociationbetweenthetwo.Howareyourstresslevels?Whatdoesyourdietlooklike?Howdoesyourexerciseplanwork?Howdoesyourbellylook?Addhighstresslevelsontoasedentarylifestylewithanexcessofcaloriesandyouhaveatextbookformulaforgainingbellyfat.Thebellyfat,inturncanleadtomorehealthproblemsthanyoueverthought.Hundredsofstudieshaveledtotheconclusionthatanyfatcanbeproblematic,saidobesityexpertJeffreyFlier,MD,Butit'smuch,muchmoredangerouswhenit'saccumulatedintheabdomen.Headdedthatpoundforpound,fatthatbuildsupintheabdomenismuchmorelikelytocausediabetesandheartdisease.HisresearchispublishedintheDec.7issueofScience.Flierandhiscolleagueslookedatastresshormonecalledcortisol-thefightorflighthormonethatkicksinduringstressfulsituations.Whenthebodyproducesexcesscortisol,ittendstocauseabuild-upofbellyfat.Sowhatdowedoaboutallthis?Inadditiontotheusualprescriptionofeatlessandexercisemore,itlookslikewehavetoaddsomethingelse;reducestress.Relaxandenjoylife.Stopworryingandstarttakingcareofyourself.Considertakingupmeditation.Inlightoftherecentevidenceaboutthestress-bellyfatconnection,thisnolongerseemslikeanewagingtypeofthingtodo.Evenof5to10minutesofbreathingexercisesdailycouldworkwonders.Manypeoplearefailingtoreachtheirfatreductiongoalsbecausetheyhavenotconsideredthepossibleeffectofstressontheirweightaswellastheirhealth.Whenyoucombinethecaloriedeficitfromnutritionwithmusclebuildingexercises,fatburningexercisesandstressreliefexercises,youmayverywellhavethemostcompletewaytoaflatstomachthathaseverbeencreated.WordsandExpressionsto….extent在…程度上genetically遗传的，遗传上地ancestor祖宗，祖先survival幸存‘残存；幸存者’残存物visceral内脏的，出自内心深处的cosmetically装饰性的，表面的caloric热量的，卡路里的Metabolic变化的，新陈代谢的Syndrome综合病症；症候群Stroke突然发作；中风Diabetes糖尿病Availability有效，有益，可利用性Correlate使互相关联Conductive传导性的，有助于….的Hormonally与荷尔蒙，激素有关地Bulge膨胀，凸起Conversion改变，转变，变换Eventually最后，终于Accumulation积累；累积物Obesity肥胖；过胖，肥胖症Prescription处方，药房；规定Deficit不足额；赤字Nutrition营养，滋养；营养物，滋养物Muscle肌肉Yoga瑜伽TextBSupplementaryReadingYouarefil