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ErrorAnalysis英语写作中典型病句实例剖析Week13一.不一致(Disagreements)所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致,它还包括了数的不一致,时态不一致及代词不一致等.例1.Whenonehavemoney,hecandowhathewantto.(人一旦有了钱,他就能想干什么就干什么.)剖析:one是单数第三人称,因而本句的have应改为has;同理,want应改为wants.本句是典型的主谓不一致.改为:Onceonehasmoney,hecandowhateverhewants(todo).二.修饰语错位(MisplacedModifiers)英语与汉语不同,同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置,句子的含义可能引起变化.对于这一点中国学生往往没有引起足够的重视,因而造成了不必要的误解.例1.IbelieveIcandoitwellandIwillbetterknowtheworldoutsidethecampus.剖析:better位置不当,应置于句末.三.句子不完整(SentenceFragments)在口语中,交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等,不完整的句子完全可以被理解.可是书面语就不同了,句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清,这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后,笔者又想加些补充说明时发生.例1.Therearemanywaystoknowthesociety.ForexamplebyTV,radio,newspaperandsoon.剖析:本句后半部分"forexamplebyTV,radio,newspaperandsoon.”不是一个完整的句子,仅为一些不连贯的词语,不能独立成句.改为:Therearemanywaystoknowsociety,forexample,byTV,radio,andnewspaper.四.悬垂修饰语(DanglingModifiers)所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清.例如:Attheageoften,mygrandfatherdied.这句中"attheageoften"只点出十岁时,但没有说明”谁”十岁时.按一般推理不可能是mygrandfather,如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点,全句就不那么费解了.改为:WhenIwasten,mygrandfatherdied.例1.Todowellincollege,goodgradesareessential.剖析:句中不定式短语“todowellincollege”的逻辑主语不清楚.改为:Todowellincollege,astudentneedsgoodgrades.五.词性误用(MisuseofPartsofSpeech)“词性误用”常表现为:介词当动词用;形容词当副词用;名词当动词用等.例1.Nonecannegativetheimportanceofmoney.剖析:negative系形容词,误作动词。改为:Nonecandenytheimportanceofmoney.六.指代不清(AmbiguousReferenceofPronouns)指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清,或者先后所用的代词不一致。试看下面这一句:Marywasfriendlytomysisterbecauseshewantedhertobeherbridesmaid.(玛丽和我姐姐很要好,因为她要她做她的伴娘。)读完上面这一句话,读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚,谁将当伴娘。如果我们把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象加以明确,意思就一目了然了。这个句子可改为:Marywasfriendlytomysisterbecauseshewantedmysistertobeherbridesmaid.例1.Wecanalsoknowthesocietybyservingityourself.剖析:句中人称代词we和反身代词yourself指代不一致。改为:Wecanalsoknowsocietybyservingitourselves.七.不间断句子(Run-onSentences)什么叫run-onsentence?请看下面的例句。例1.Therearemanywayswegettoknowtheoutsideworld.剖析:这个句子包含了两层完整的意思:“Therearemanyways.”以及“Wegettoknowtheoutsideworld.”。简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。改为:Therearemanywaysforustolearnabouttheoutsideworld.或:Therearemanywaysthroughwhichwecanbecomeacquaintedwiththeoutsideworld.八.措词毛病(TroublesinDiction/TheMatterofWordChoice)Diction是指在特定的句子中如何适当地选用词语的问题.有些学生在写作中没有养成良好的推敲,斟酌的习惯,他们往往随心所欲,拿来就用;所以作文中用词不当的错误比比皆是。例1.Theincreasinguseofchemicalobstaclesinagriculturealsomakespollution.(农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了污染。)剖析:显然,考生把obstacles“障碍”,“障碍物”误作substance“物质”了。另外“theincreasinguse(不断增加的使用)”应改为“abusiveuse(滥用)”。改为:Theabusiveuseofchemicalsubstancesinagriculturealsocauses/leadstopollution.九.累赘(Redundancy)言以简洁为贵。写句子没有一个多余的词;写段落没有一个无必要的句子。能用单词的不用词组;能用词组的不用从句或句子。如:Inspiteofthefactthatheislazy,Ilikehim.本句的“thefactthatheislazy”系同谓语从句,我们按照上述“能用词组的不用从句”可以改为:Inspiteofhislaziness,Ilikehim.例1.Forthepeoplewhoarediligentandkind,moneyisjustthethingtobeusedtobuythethingtheyneed.剖析:整个句子可以大大简化。改为:Diligentandcaringpeopleusemoneyonlytobuywhattheyneed.十.不连贯(Incoherence)不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语,或是结构上不畅通。例1.Thefreshwater,itisthemostimportantthingsoftheearth.剖析:Thefreshwater与逗号后的it不连贯。It与things在数方面不一致。改为:Freshwateristhemostimportantthingintheworld.十一.综合性语言错误(ComprehensiveMisusage)所谓“综合性语言错误”,是指除了上述十种错误以外,还有诸如时态,语态,标点符号,大小写等方面的错误。例1.Today,Moneytoeverybodyisveryimportance,our’seat,cloth,live,goetc.YourMid-TermExamImprovethefollowingsentences,payingattentiontounity,coherence,conciseness,andemphasis.1.Itsnowedheavilyat8o’clock.(x)Itbegantosnowheavilyat8o’clocklastnight.2.Theearthquakeonlydamagedafewhouses.(x)Theearthquakedamagedonlyafewhouses.3.Insteadoftakingphysics,chemistrywaschosenbymoststudentsintheclass.Moststudentsintheclasschosechemistryinsteadofphysics.4.Thesinginginthefilmisgoodandtheactorsactwonderfullywell.Thesinginginthefilmisgoodandtheactingwonderful.5.FootballismorepopularinEuropethanNorthAmerica.FootballismorepopularinEuropethaninNorthAmerica.6.Infact,heisusuallyrealisticandsometimesheisalsoquiteromantic.Infact,heisusuallyrealisticandsometimesquiteromantic.7.Somepeopleliketosay“that’sneat”whentheymeantosay“that’sgood.”Itisaslangexpression.Somepeopleliketousetheslangexpression“that’sneat”for“that’sgood.”8.Therefereeraisedhisrighthandinwhichhewasholdingayellowcard.Therefereeraisedhisrighthandinwhichwasayellowcard.9.Altogether12novelswerewrittenbythisfamousnovelistduringhislifetime.Duringhislifetimethisfamousnovelistwrotealtogether12novels.10.Shedoesnotcaretoomuchaboutprices;shethinksthequalityofthingsismoreimportant.Shedoesnotcaretoomuchaboutprices;shecaresmuchaboutthequality.1.Hereadthemagazineinthereading-room,whichcontainedalotoflatestinformationaboutcomputerscience.Themagazine,whichhereadinthereading-room,containedalotoflatestinformationaboutcomputerscience.2.Manypeoplebelievethatoneshouldeatgarliceverydaytopreventdiseaseinthatregion.Manypeopleinthatregionbelievethatoneshouldeatgarliceverydaytopreventdisease.3.MarycalledBetheverydaywhenshewasinhospital.WhenMarywasinhospital,shecalledBetheveryday.WhenBethwasinhospital,Marycalledhereveryday.4.Thelandslidedestroyedseveralhousesandfivepeoplewerekilledbyit.Thelandslidedestroyedseveralhousesandkilledfivepeople.Fivepeoplewerekilledandseveralhousesdestroyedbythelandslide.5.IfJaneweregiv
本文标题:英语写作中典型病句实例剖析
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